A diákkori csapatversenyek hatása a munkahelyi versenyszituációkban tanúsított magatartásrra empirikus vizsgálat alapján
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2020.12.06Keywords:
competition, success, failure, competitivenessAbstract
Among the fundamental concepts of economics perhaps competitiveness is discussed the most in scientific literature. Each author addresses a different aspect of it. However, authors they rarely deal with the direct relationship between workplace rivalry and participation in sports. The current paper analyses this question in the framework of a research study based on a questionnaire drawn up by the authors. The authors search for the impact of team sports performed during childhood on behaviour observable in adulthood competitive situations in the workplace. While doing so, they grouped the respondents under demographic characteristics on the one hand, and on the basis of educational achievement and working position on the other hand. The present investigation focused on childhood and adulthood motivations for competing. Significant relationships between them have been clearly demonstrated. The authors have verified that some of the circumstances incentivising school-age children to compete still prevail in adulthood. In addition, the phenomenon of motivations turning from external to internal has also been observed and change in the opposite direction can be observed as well. The results show both the importance of researching this area and the practical usefulness of the experiences.
Downloads
References
Alderfer, C. (1977). Group and intergroup relations. In J. R. Hackman, & J. L. Suttle (Eds.), Improving life at work (pp. 227-296). Santa Monica, CA.: Goodyear.
Allen, G., Rhind, D., & Koshy, V. (2014). Enablers and barriers for male students transferring life skills from the sports hall into the classroom. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 7(1), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2014.893898
Amabile, T. A. (1993). Motivational synergy: Toward new conceptualizations of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the workplace. Human Resource Management Review, 3(3), 185-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(93)90012-s
Amabile, T. (1998). How to kill creativity. Harvard Business Review, 76(5), 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446213704.n2
Aquilina, D. (2013). A study of the relationship between elite athletes’ educational development and sporting performance. The International Jorunal of the History of Sport, 30(4), 374-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2013.765723
Bin Mat, N. M. E (2018). Sport and Life Skills Development: Examining the Experience from Former Studentathletes in Malaysia (Maser’s thesis). Retrieved from Seoul National University Open Repository http://sspace.snu.ac.kr/handle/10371/144130
Brandenburger A., & Nalebuff, B (1996). Co-opetition. London: Currency/Doubleday.
Britz, A., Cushing, M. J., Findley, P. P., Head, S., Gaul, N., Holcomb, S., & Turnipseed, L. (1993). Tying Pay to Performance: One Critical Care Unit’s Approach. Nursing Management (Springhouse), 24(9), 112Q https://doi.org/10.1016/s0029-7437(08)70487-7
Calk, R., & Patrick, A. (2017). Millennials Through The Looking Glass: Workplace Motivating Factors. The Journal of Business Inquiry, 16(2), 131-139. Retrieved from http:www.uvu.edu/woodbury/jbi/volume16
Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2010). The psychology of personnel selection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chantal, Y., Guay, F., & Martinova, D. T. (1996). Motivation and elite performance: an exploratory investigation with Bulgarian athletes. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 27(2), 173-182.
Cucina, J. M., Caputo, P. M., Thibodeaux, H. F., & Maclane, C. N. (2012). Unlocking the key to biodata scoring: A comparison of empirical, rational, and hybrid approaches at different sample sizes. Personnel Psychology, 65(2), 385-428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2012.01244.x
Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
Deci, E. L. (1992). On the nature and functions of motivation theories. Psychological Science, 3(3), 167-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00020.x
Deci, E. L., Eghrari, H., Patrick, B. C., & Leone, D. R. (1994). Facilitating internalisation: The selfdetermination theory perspective. Journal of Personality, 62(1), 119-142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00797.x
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the selfdetermination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Deci E. L., & Ryan R. M. (2016). Optimizing students’ motivation in the era of testing and pressure: a selfdetermination theory perspective. In W. C. Liu, J. C. Wang, & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Building Autonomous Learners (pp. 9-29). Singapore, Springer.
Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H. & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Selfdetermination theory in work organizations: The state of a science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2017(4)., 19–43. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108
De Lange, A. H., Bal, P. M., Van der Heiden, B. I. J. M., De Jong, N., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2011). When I’m 64: Psychological contract breach, work motivation and the moderating roles of future time perspective and regulatory focus. Work & Stress, 25(4), 338-354. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2011.632610
Fang M. & Gerhart, B. (2012). Does pay for performance diminish intrinsic interest? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(6), 1176-1196. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.561227
Frey, B.S., & Osterloh, M. (2012). Stop tying pay to performance. Harvard Business Review, 90(1-2), 51- 52. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2012/01/tacklingbusiness-problems
Finegold, D., Mohrman, S., & Spreitzer, G. M. (2002). Age effects on the predictors of technical workers’ commitment and willingness to turnover. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(5), 655-674. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.159
George, G. (ed.). (1997). Winning is a habit: Vince Lombardi on winning, success and pursuit of excellence. London: HarperCollins.
Gerhart, B., & Fang, M. (2015). Pay, Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, Performance, and Creativity in the Workplace: Revisiting Long-Held Beliefs. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2015(2), 489-521. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111418
Giancola, F. (2006). The generation gap: More myth than reality? Human Resource Planning, 29(4), 32-37.
Good, R. C. (2015). Ways in Which Participation in Intercollegiate Athletics Contributes to the Learning and Development of Student-Athletes (Theses and Dissertations, 398). Retrieved from Illinois State University Open Repository https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/398
Ha, J., Lee, K. & Ok, G. (2015). From Development ofSport to Development through Sport: A Paradigm Shift for Sport Development in South Korea. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 32(10), 1262-1278. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2015.1062756
Hackman J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159-170. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076546
Hennessey, B., Moran, S., Altringer, B., & Amabile, T. M. (2015). Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation. In P.C. Flood & Y. Freeney (eds.), Wiley Encyclopedia of Management, vol. 11. Organizational Behavior. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118785317.weom110098
Jackson, S., Ford, S., Kimiecik, J. C., & Marsh, H. (1998). Psychological correlates of flow in sport. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 20(4), 358-378. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.20.4.358
Jones, M. I., & Lavallee, D. (2009). Exploring the life skills needs of British adolescent athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(1), 159-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.06.005
Kao, C. (2019). Development of Team Cohesion and Sustained Collaboration Skills with the Sport Education Model. Sustainability 2019, 11(8), 2348. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082348
Katz, N. (2001). Sports teams as a model for workplace teams: Lessons and liabilities. Academy of Management Perspectives, 15(3), 56-69. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2001.5229533
Kniffin, K. M. (2009). Evolutionary perspectives on salary dispersion within firms. Journal of Bioeconomics, 11(1), 23-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10818-009-9056-y
Kniffin, K. M., & Mihalek, V. (2014). Within-series momentumin hockey: No returns for running up thescore. Economics Letters, 122(3), 400-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2013.12.033
Kniffin, K. M., Wansink, B., & Shimizu, M. (2015). Sports at Work: Anticipated and Persistent Correlates of Participation in High School Athletics. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 22(2), 217-230. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051814538099
Kuvaas, B., Buch, R., Weibel, A., Dysvik, A., & Nerstad, C. G. L. (2017). Do intrinsic and extrinsic motivation relate differently to employee outcomes? Journal of Economic Psychology, 61(August), 244-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2017.05.004
Lee, M. T., & Raschke, R. L. (2016). Understanding employee motivation and organizational performance: Arguments for a set-theoretic approach. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 1(3), 162-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2016.01.004
Li, F., & Harmer, P. (1996). Testing the simplex assumption underlying the sport motivation scale. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67(4), 396-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1996.10607971
Lock, D., & Heere, B. (2017). Identity crisis: A theoretical analysis of ‘team identification’ research. European Sport Management Quarterly, 17(4), 413- 435. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2017.1306872
Madigan, D. J., Hill, A. P., Mallinson-Howard, S. H., Curran, T., & Jowett, G. E. (2018). Perfectionism and Performance in Sport, Education, and the Workplace. Oxford Research Encyclopedia, Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press USA.
Mallett, C., Kawabata, M., Newcombe, P., Otero-Forero, A., & Jackson, S (2007). Sport Motivation Scale-6 (SMS-6): a revised six-factor sport motivation scale. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 8(5), 600-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.12.005
Margolis, J. (1999). Playing by the rules. Paper presented at Academy of Management annual meeting. Chicago: St. Louis.
McGuigan, C., J.,McGuigan, K., McGuigan, M., Shevlin, M., Mallett, J., & Tracey, A. (2018). Modelling the role of Personal Factors as Mediators in the Relationship between Workplace Stress, Motivation and Job Performance among Irish Retail Employees. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBG.2018.095507
Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and thenature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321-1339. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321
Nuñez, J., Albo, J., Navarro, J., & Gonzalez, V. (2006). Preliminary validation of a Spanish version of the sport motivation scale. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 102(3), 919-930. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.102.3.919-930
Oja, B. D., Bass, J. R., & Gordon, B. S. (2015). Conceptualizing employee identification with sport organizations: Sport Employee Identification (SEI). Sport Management Review, 18(4), 583–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2015.02.002
Paic, R., Kajos, A., Meszler, B. & Prisztóka, Gy (2018). A magyar nyelvű sportmotivációs skála (H-SMS). validációja és eredményei. Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle, 73(2/3), 159–182. https://doi.org/ 10.1556/0016.2018.002
Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Tuson, K. M., Briere, N. M., & Blais, M. R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 35-53. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.1.35
Pelletier, L., & Sarrazin, P. (2007). The revised six-factor sport motivation scale (Mallett, Kawabata, Newcombe, Otero-Forero, & Jackson, 2007): something old,something new, and something borrowed. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(5), 615-621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.03.006
Pelletier, L. G., Rocchi, M. A., Vallerand, R. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). Validation of the revised sport motivation scale (SMS-II). Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(3), 329-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.12.002
Rivera, L. A. (2012). Hiring as cultural matching: The case of elite professional service firms. American Sociological Review, 77(6), 999-1022. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122412463213
Robbins, H., & Finley, M. (1998). Transcompetition: Moving beyond competition and collaboration. London: McGraw-Hill.
Sajtos, L., & Mitev, A. (2007). SPSS kutatási és adatelemzési kézikönyv. Budapest: Alinea Kiadó.
Shahri, M., Shahram, A., Yazdankhah, M., & Heydari, F. (2015). The relationship between empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior of staff in youth and sports general office of Khorasan Razavi. International Journal of Sport Studies, 5(4), 475- 481.
Sinh, R. (2016). The Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivators on Employee Engagement in Information Organizations. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 57(2), 197-206. https://doi.org/10.3138/jelis.57.2.197
Sitkin, S. B., & Hackman, J. R. (2011). Developing team leadership: An interview with Coach Mike Kryzewski. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3), 494-501. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2011.0005
Soltani, M. K. (2016). The relationship between quality of work life and employee productivity general administration of sport and youth Sistan and Baluchestan Province. The Social Sciences, 11(10), 2642-2647.
Stevenson, B. (2010). Beyond the classroom: Using Title IX to measure the return to high school sports. Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(2), 284-301. https://doi.org/10.3386/w15728
Stoeber, J. (2012). Perfectionism and performance. In S. M. Murphy (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of sport and performance psychology ( pp. 2 94-306). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Swanson, J. A., Kowalski, K. B., Gettman, H. J., & Lee, J (2012). Leadership characteristics and Title X: A possible mechanism for the impact of sports participation on work outcomes. International Leadership Journal, 4(Summer), 40-61.
Swanson, S., & Kent, A. (2015). Fandom in the workplace: Multi-target identification in professional team sports. Journal of Sport Management, 29(4), 461–477. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2014-0132
Tremblay, M. A., Blanchard, C. M., Taylor, S., Pelletier, L. G., & Villeneuve, M. (2009). Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale: Its value for organizational psychology research. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 41(4), 213-226. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015167
Tyler, T. (2012). Cooperation in organizations: A social identity perspective. In M. A. Hogg & D. J. Terry (Eds.), Social identity processes in organizational contexts (pp. 149–165). New York: Psychology Press.
Van Yperen, N.W. (2019). Achievement goals and selfregulation in the sport context. In P.A.M. Van Lange, E.T. Higgins, & A.W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles (third edition). New York: The Guilford Press.
Walsh, D., Ozaeta, J., & Wright, P. (2010). Transference of responsibility model goals to the school environment: Exploring the impact of a coaching club program. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 15(1), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980802401252
Wann, D. L., Grieve, F. G., Havard, C. T., Zapalac, R. K., Peetz, T. B. & Lanter, J. (2017). Sport fan evaluations of a Major League baseball season: Key predictors and influence of future evaluations and consumption behaviors. Journal of Global Sport Management, 2(3), 143–161 https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2017.1350590
Wong, M., Gardiner, E., Lang, W., & Coulon, L. (2008). Generational differences in personality and motivation. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(8), 878-890. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940810904376
World Health Organization (1999). Partners in life skills education – Conclusions from a United Nations inter‐agency meeting. New York: World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health, Social Change and Mental Health Cluster.
Zunft, H.-J. F., Friebe, D., Seppelt, B., Widhalm, K., de Winter, A.-M. R., de Almeida, M. D. V., Kearney, J. M., & Gibney, M. (1999). Perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity in a nationally representative sample in the European Union. Public Health Nutrition, 2(1a), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980099000208
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors assign copyright to Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review. Authors are responsible for permission to reproduce copyright material from other sources.
