A szén-dioxid-kibocsátások árazása
Az elméleti alapoktól a vállalati gyakorlatig
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2023.02.04Kulcsszavak:
klímapolitika, a szén-dioxid ára , árnyékár, vállalati karbonárazásAbsztrakt
A klímaváltozás problémája az utóbbi években mind a döntéshozók, mind a vállalati szféra részéről növekvő figyelmet kap, ugyanakkor a jelenlegi erőfeszítések továbbra sem elegendőek a folyamat megállításához. A klímaközgazdászokat régebb óta foglalkoztatja a karbonkibocsátások árának megállapítása, amely egyrészt megfelelő alapot adhat a klímapolitikai döntések meghozatalához, másrészt a gyakorlatban alkalmazva hatékonyan ösztönözheti az emissziók csökkentését. Napjainkban egyre több országban kell adó vagy kvótavásárlás formájában fizetni a szén-dioxid-kibocsátásért, a nagyvállalatok környezeti menedzsment eszköztárában pedig megjelent és gyorsan terjed a kibocsátások úgynevezett belső árazása (internal carbon pricing). A cikk célja, hogy áttekintést adjon a karbonárazás elméletéről és gyakorlatáról, különböző alkalmazási területeiről, illetve az árak alakulásáról. A hatósági árak ugyanis a klímapolitika szigorodásával várhatóan közelítenek a közgazdaságilag „helyes” értékek felé, a vállalati karbonárazás fő célja pedig, hogy a cégeket felkészítse ezekre a változásokra – a cikkben a szerzők bemutatják, hogy jelenleg hol tart ez a folyamat.
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