Az Ipar 4.0 implementációval kapcsolatos vezetői motivációk és akadályozó tényezők elemzése hazai vállalatvezetők véleménye alapján
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2021.02.06Kulcsszavak:
attitűd, Ipar 4.0, motiváció, munkaerőAbsztrakt
Internet, közösségi média, digitális transzformáció, dolgok internete, okos technológiák, mesterséges intelligencia: egyre inkább a hétköznapok részévé válnak. Az automatizáció és a robotika az Ipar 4.0 alapkövei. A vállalatoknak most kell dönteniük arról, hogy integrálják-e a mesterséges intelligenciát, robotokat a működésükbe, továbbá bátorítják-e a munkatársakat, hogy robotokkal dolgozzanak együtt. Néhány tanulmány készült már eddig arról, hogy ezekkel a változásokkal kapcsolatban milyen attitűdök jelennek meg a munkahelyeken. Jelen kutatás összefoglalja egy projekt első eredményeit, amelynek célja annak feltárása, hogy Magyarországon milyen előítéletek és attitűdök vannak jelen a vállalatoknál; mire van szükségük ahhoz, hogy elfogadják a változást és szélesebb körben alkalmazzák a technológia vívmányait. A kutatás kvalitatív módszertanra, vezetőkkel készített interjúkra épül. Az eredmények alapján a technológiai változásokkal szemben tartózkodó állásponton vannak a vállalatok, de ahol már bevezették az Ipar 4.0 egyes elemeit, ott a pozitív tapasztalatok felülírják a félelmet és hatékonyabban tudják a munkát elvégezni.
Letöltések
Hivatkozások
Acocella, I. (2012). The focus groups in social research: advantages and disadvantages. Quality & Quantity, 46(4), 1125-1136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-011-9600-4
Agolla, J. E. (2018). Human Capital in the Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0 Revolution. In Antonella Petrillo, Raffaele Cioffi & Fabio De Felice (eds.), Digital Transformation in Smart Manufacturing (pp. 41-58). London: IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.73575
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1977). Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research. Psychological Bulletin, 84(5), 888–918. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.84.5.888
Albarracín, D., Wei, W., Hong, L., & Kenji, N. (2008). Structure of Attitudes Judgments, Memory, and Implications for Change. In Crano, W. D. & Prislin, R. (eds.), Attitudes and Attitude Change (pp. 19-41). New York: Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203838068
Alvin, D. F., & Krosnick, J. A. (1991). The Reliability of Survey Attitude Measurement: The Influence of Question and Respondent Attributes. Sociological Methods & Research, 20(1), 139–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124191020001005
BCG (2015). Man and Machine in Industry 4.0. How Will Technology Transform the Industrial Workforce Through 2025? Retrieved from http://englishbulletin. adapt.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/BCG_Man_ and_Machine_in_Industry_4_0_Sep_2015_tcm80- 197250.pdf
Berg, M., & Hudson, P. (1992). Rehabilitating the industrial revolution 1. The Economic History Review, 45(1), 24-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.1992.tb01290.x
Brettel, M., Friederichsen, N., Keller, M., & Rosenberg, M. (2014). How virtualization, decentralization and network building change the manufacturing landscape: An Industry 4.0 Perspective. International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 37–44. https://publications.waset.org/9997144/ how-virtualization-decentralization-and-networkbuilding-change-the-manufacturing-landscape-an-industry-40-perspective
Crano, W. D., & Prislin, R. (2006). Attitudes and persuasion. Annual Review of Psychology, 57(1), 345–374. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190034
Crano, W. D., & Prislin, R. (2008). Attitudes and Attitude Change The Fourth Peak. New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
Dassisti, M., Giovannini, A., Merla, P., Chimienti, M., & Panetto, H. (2019). An approach to support Industry 4.0 adoption in SMEs using a core-metamodel. Annual Reviews in Control, 47(Nov), 266-274. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203838068
Demeter, K., Losonci, D., Nagy, J., & Horváth, B. (2019). Tapasztalatok az Ipar 4.0-val – egy esetalapú elemzés. Vezetéstudomány, 50(4), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2019.04.02
DXC (2019). Five Technology Trends in 2020 Poised to Transform the Future of Work. Retrieved from https://www.dxc.technology/newsroom/press_ releases/147885-five_technology_trends_in_2020_ poised_to_transform_the_future_of_work_ according_to_dxc_technology
Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Fort Worth, TX.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Elo, S., Kääriäinen, M., Kanste, O., Pölkki, T., Utriainen, K., & Kyngäs, H. (2014). Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness. SAGE Open, 4(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014522633
Fleishman, E. A. (1953). Leadership Climate, Human Relations Training, and Supervisory Behavior. Personnel Psychology, 6(2), 205-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1953.tb01040.x
Gawronski, B. & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2006). Associative and Propositional Processes in Evaluation: An Integrative Review of Implicit and Explicit Attitude Change. Psychological Bulletin, 132(5), 692–731. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.692
Gehrke, L., Bonse, R., & Henke, M. (2016). Towards a management framework for the digital transformation of logistics and manufacturing. In Proceedings of 23rd EurOMA Conference (pp. 1–10). 23rd EurOMA Conference, Trondheim.
Géring, Zs. (2017). Kevert szövegelemzési módszertan alkalmazása gazdasági és társadalmi jelenségek vizsgálatához. Vezetéstudomány, 48(4), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2017.04.08
Greenwood, J. & Jovanovic, B. (1999). The information technology revolution and the stock market. American Economic Review, 89(2), 116-122. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.2.116
Hecklau, F., Galeitzke, M., Flachs, S., & Kohl, H. (2016). Holistic Approach for Human Resource Management in Industry 4.0. Procedia CIRP, 54(Dec), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.05.102
Hermann, M., Pentek, T. & Otto, B. (2016). Design Principles for Industrie 4.0 Scenarios. In Proceedings of 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (pp. 3928-3937). Koloa, HI. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2016.488
Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H. (1982). Leadership style: Attitudes and behaviors. Training & Development Journal, 36(5), 50–52.
Hoffmeister-Tóth, Á. (2017). A fogyasztói magatartás alapjai. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
Horváth D., & Szabó Zs. R. (2019). Driving forces and barriers of Industry 4.0: Do multinational and small and medium-sized companies have equal opportunities? Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 146(Sept), 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.05.021
Imran, F., & Kantola, J. (2019). Review of Industry 4.0 in the Light of Sociotechnical System Theory and Competence-Based View: A Future Research Agenda for the Evolute Approach. In Kantola J., Nazir S., & Barath T. (eds.), Advances in Human Factors, Business Management and Society. AHFE 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (vol. 783) (pp. 118-128). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94709-9_12
Kaasinen, E., Schmalfuß, F., Özturk, C., Aromaa, S., Boubekeur, M., Heilala, J., Heikkiläa, P., Kuulaa, T., ... Waltere, T. (2020). Empowering and engaging industrial workers with Operator 4.0 solutions. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 139(Jan), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.01.052
Kagermann, H., Wahlster, W., & Helbig, J. (2013). Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0. Final report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group, Acatech, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Retrieved from http://digital. bib-bvb.de/webclient/DeliveryManager?custom_ att_2=simple_viewer&pid=5744125
Kelman, H. C. (1958). Compliance, identification, and internalization: Three processes of attitude change. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2(1), 51-60.
Kergroach S. (2017). Industry 4.0: New Challenges and Opportunities for the Labour Market. Foresight and STI Governance, 11(4), 6–8. https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2017.4.6.8
Kinzel, H. (2017). Industry 4.0 – Where Does This Leave the Human Factor? Journal of Urban Culture Research, 15, 70-83. https://doi.org/10.14456/jucr.2017.14
Koleva, N. (2019). An Empirical Study on Human Resources’ Attitude Towards Manufacturing Digitalization. In 2019 Proceedings of International Conference on Creative Business for Smart and Sustainable Growth (CREBUS) (pp. 1-5). Sandanski, Bulgaria. https://doi.org/10.1109/CREBUS.2019.8840057
Lasi, H., Fettke, P., Kemper, H.G., Feld, T., & Hoffmann, M. (2014). Industry 4.0. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 6(April), 239–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-014-0334-4
Li, D., Fast-Berglund, Å., & Paulin, D. (2019) Current and future Industry 4.0 capabilities for information and knowledge sharing. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 105(Dec), 3951–3963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03942-5
Liao, Y., Deschamps, F., Loures, E. de F. R., & Ramos, L. F. P. (2017). Past, present and future of Industry 4.0 - a systematic literature review and research agenda proposal. International Journal of Production Research, 55(12), 3609–3629. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1308576
Mockaitis, A. (2005). A cross-cultural study of leadership attitudes in three Baltic sea region countries. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 1(1), 44 - 63.
Mokyr, J. (1999). The Second Industrial Revolution, 1870–1914. In Castronovo, V. (Ed.), Storiadell’ Economia Mondiale (pp. 219-245). Rome: Laterza Publishing.
Molnár, Sz. (2018). A negyedik ipari forradalom nem várt hatásai. E-Közigazgatási Tanulmányok, 11(3), 43-51. http://kozszov.org.hu/dokumentumok/UMK_2018/3 /06_Negyedik_ipari_forradalom.pdf
Mortensen, D. (2017). Automation may take our jobs – but it’ll restore our humanity. Retrieved from https:// qz.com/1054034/automation-may-take-our-jobs-but- itll-restoreour-humanity
Müller, J. M., Kiel, D., & Voigt, K. (2018). What Drives the Implementation of Industry 4.0? The Role of Opportunities and Challenges in the Context of Sustainability. Sustainability, 10(1), 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010247
Nagy, J. (2019). Az Ipar 4.0 fogalma és kritikus kérdései– vállalati interjúk alapján. Vezetéstudomány, 50(1), 14- 26. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2019.01.02
PEW - Pew Research Center (2014). Key Insights: Expert Views on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and the Future of Jobs. Retrieved from http://www. pewinternet.org/2014/08/06/key-insights-expert-views-on-artificial-intelligence-robotics-and-the- future-of-jobs/
Pfohl, H. C., Yahsi, B., & Kurnaz, T. (2015). The impact of Industry 4.0 on the supply chain. In Kertsen, W., Blecker, T., & Ringle, C.M. (Eds.), Innovations and Strategies for Logistics and Supply Chain (pp. 31-58). Berlin: epubli GmbH.
PWC (2018a). How SAP’s intelligent enterprise can help Technology, Media, and Telecom (TMT) Companies in their “Connected Supply Chain” journey towards Industry 4.0 evolution. Retrieved from https://www. pwc.com/us/en/services/alliances/assets/pwc-sap-intelligent-enterprise-and-industry-4-0.pdf
PwC (2018b). Global Digital Operations Study 2018 - Digital Champions How industry leaders build integrated operations ecosystems to deliver end-to-end customer solutions. Retrieved from www.strategyand. pwc.com/gx/en/insights/industry4-0/global-digital- operations-study- digital-champions.pdf
Quattrociocchi, B., Mercuri, F., d’Arcangelo, D., & Cristini, V. (2018). Knowledge management to compete in the digital era: Skills evolution of enterprise systems. In Proceedings of 19th European Conference on Knowledge Management (pp. 733- 741). Padua, Italy.
Reid, N. (2006). Thoughts on attitude measurement. Research in Science & Technological Education, 24(1), 3-27, https://doi.org/10.1080/02635140500485332
Roccato, M. & Zogmaister, C. (2010). Predicting the Vote through Implicit and Explicit Attitudes: A Field Research. Political Psychology, 31(2), 249-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2009.00751.x
Romero, D., Stahre, J., Wuest, T., Noran, O., Bernus, P., Fast-Berglund, Å., & Gorecky, D. (2016). Towards an Operator 4.0 Typology: A Human-Centric Perspective on the Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies. In Proceedings of 46th International Conference on Computers & Industrial Engineering (pp. 1-11). Tianjin, China.
Rubin, R. S., Dierdorff, E. C., Bommer, W. H., & Baldwin, T. T. (2009). Do leaders reap what they sow? Leader
and employee outcomes of leader organizational cynicism about change. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(5), 680–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.06.002
Rudman, L. A., Greenwald, A. G., Mellott, D. S., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1999). Measuring the Automatic Components of Prejudice: Flexibility and Generality of the Implicit Association Test. Social Cognition, 17(4), 437-465. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.1999.17.4.437
Schriesheim, C. A., Cogliser, C. C., & Neider, L. L. (1995). Is It “Trustworthy”? A Multiple-Levels-Of- Analysis Reexamination of an Ohio State Leadership Study, With Implications For Future Research. Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 1 I l-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)9003-4
Schriesheim, C. A., & Bird, B. J. (1979). Contributions of the Ohio State Studies to the Field of Leadership. Journal of Management, 5(2), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920637900500204
Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution: What It Means, How to Respond. World Economic Forum. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/ agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond
Schwandt, T. A. (2007). The Sage dictionary of qualitative inquiry. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Shamim, S., Cang, S., Yu, H. & Li, Y. (2016). Management approaches for Industry 4.0: A human resource management perspective. In Proceedings of IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) (pp. 5309-5316). Vancouver, BC. https://doi.org/10.1109/CEC.2016.7748365
Ślusarczyk, B. (2018). Industry 4.0 - are we ready? Polish Journal of Management Studies, 17(1), 232-248. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2018.17.1.19
Spreckley, F. (1981). Social Audit: A Management Tool for Co-operative Working. London: Beechwood College.
Stachová, K., Papula, J., Stacho, Z., & Kohnová, L. (2019). External partnerships in employee education and development as the key to facing industry 4.0 challenges. Sustainability, 11(2), 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020345
Ternai, K. (2020). Az Ipar 4.0 az ERP-ökoszisztémák perspektívájából. Vezetéstudomány, 51(6), 56-68. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2020.06.06
UBS (2016). Extreme automation and connectivity: The global, regional, and investment implications of the Fourth In- dustrial Revolution. UBS White Paper for the World Economic Forum. Annual Meeting 2016, Retrieved from www.worldcat.org/ title/extreme-automation-and-connectivity-the- global-regional-and-investment-implications-of-the- fourth-industrial-revolution-ubs-white-paper-for- the-world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2016/ oclc/935421307
Veres, Z., Hoffmann, M., & Kozák, Á. (2016). Bevezetés a piackutatásba. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
Veza, I., Mladineo, M., & Gjeldum, N. (2015). Managing Innovative Production Network of Smart Factories. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 48(3), 555-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.139
Xu, L. D., Xu, E. L., & Li, L. (2018). Industry 4.0: state of the art and future trends. International Journal of Production Research, 56(8), 2941-2962. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1444806
Wittenberg, C. (2016). Human-CPS interaction – requirements and human-machine interaction methods for the Industry 4.0. IFAC-Papersonline, 49(19), 420–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.602
Yu, Z., Ouyang, J., Li, S., & Peng, X. (2017). Formal modeling and control of cyber-physical manufacturing systems. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 9(10), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814017725472
Downloads
Megjelent
Hogyan kell idézni
Folyóirat szám
Rovat
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors assign copyright to Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review. Authors are responsible for permission to reproduce copyright material from other sources.
