The Four Leadership Styles of Entrepreneurs

A Competency-Based Model for Entrepreneurial Leadership

Authors

  • Ákos Kassai Corvinus University of Budapest

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2022.05.02

Keywords:

entrepreneurship, leadership, competencies, leadership style, case survey method

Abstract

This research addresses a gap in the literature of a comprehensive model for entrepreneurial leadership style and constructs a model of the entrepreneur-specific leadership style approaching the topic from the angle of competencies. This study methodologically applies literature research and the case survey method with multiple types of quantitative analysis. The paper introduces five leadership dimensions to structure relevant entrepreneurial leadership competencies and identifies the most vital critical entrepreneurial leadership competencies as partnering, communication and discovering customer needs. Four leadership styles – Lone Wolf, Team Builder, Explorer and Architect – are suggested as characteristic for successful entrepreneurs. This paper is the third in a sequence of research papers and presents significant new findings from the research programme.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Ákos Kassai, Corvinus University of Budapest

PhD candidate

References

Bagheri, A., & Harrison, C. (2020). Entrepreneurial leadership measurement: A multi-dimensional construct. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 27(4), 659–679. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-01-2019-0027

Bakacsi, G. (2006). Szervezeti magatartás és vezetés. Budapest: Aula.

Bakacsi, G. (2019). A karizmatikus és a neokarizmatikus leadership összehasonlítása. Vezetéstudomány – Budapest Management Review, 50(3), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2019.03.05

Bjerke, B., & Hultman, C. M. (2003). A dynamic perspective on entrepreneurship, leadership and management as a proper mix for growth. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 1(1), 72-93. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2003.003616

Boyatzis, R. E. (1983). The competent manager: A model for effective performance. Chichester: Wiley.

Carton, R. B., Hofer, C. W., & Meeks, M. D. (2003). The entrepreneur and entrepreneurship: Operational definitions of their role in society. The University of Georgia, Terry College of Business, 12.

Csákné Filep, J., Radácsi, L., & Timár, G. (2020). A magyar startup-vállalkozások túlélését és növekedését befolyásoló tényezők – szakértői interjúk tapasztalatai. Vezetéstudomány – Budapest Management Review, 51(1), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2020.01.02

Cserháti, G., Fehérvölgyi, B., Csizmadia, T., & Obermayer, N. (2021). Az autentikus vezetés jellemzőinek vizsgálata hazai felső vezetők élettörténetében. Vezetéstudomány – Budapest Management Review, 52(4), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2021.04.09

Dabić, M., Stojčić, N., Simić, M., Potocan, V., Slavković, M., & Nedelko, Z. (2021). Intellectual agility and innovation in micro and small businesses: The mediating role of entrepreneurial leadership. Journal of Business Research, (123), 683–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.013

Felix, C., Aparicio, S., & Urbano, D. (2019). Leadership as a driver of entrepreneurship: An international exploratory study. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 26(3), 397–420. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-03-2018-0106

Filion, J. L. (2021). Defining the entrepreneur. In World Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship (2nd ed., pp. 72– 83). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839104145

Ganie, S. A., & Saleem, I. (2018). The transpiring journey of competence based human resource management: A literature review. International Journal of Management Studies, 5(3(7)), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v5i3(7)/03

Gartner, W. B. (1988). “Who is an entrepreneur?” is the wrong question. American Journal of Small Business, 12(4), 11–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225878801200401

Gross, R. (2019). The nexus between followership and entrepreneurial leadership: A firm-level analysis. Journal of Management Policy & Practice, 20(5), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.33423/jmpp.v20i5.2598

Gupta, V., MacMillan, I. C., & Surie, G. (2004). Entrepreneurial leadership: Developing and measuring a cross-cultural construct. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(2), 241–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00040-5

Hamermesh, R. G., & Kiron, D. (2004). Managing Segway’s early development (Case Study No. 9-804-065; p. 11). Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School.

Hines, J. L. (2004). Characteristics of an entrepreneur. Surgical Neurology, 61(4), 407–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2003.05.004

Horváth, D., & Mitev, A. (2015). Alternatív kvalitatív kutatási kézikönyv. Budapest: Alinea Kiadó.

Ireland, R. (2003). A model of strategic entrepreneurship: The construct and its dimensions. Journal of Management, 29(6), 963–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(03)00086-2

Johansen, B.-C. P. (1990). Situational leadership: A review of the research. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 1(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.3920010109

Kassai, Á. (2020a). Vállalkozói vezetői kompetenciák a Hangavári Pincészet esete tükrében. Marketing & Menedzsment, 54(1), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.15170/MM.2020.54.01.07

Kassai, Á. (2020b). Kiből lehet sikeres vállalkozó? Vállalkozói vezetői kompetenciák vegyes módszertanú vizsgálata. Vezetéstudomány – Budapest Management Review, 50(9), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2020.09.05

Khosla, A., & Gupta, P. (2017). Traits of Successful Entrepreneurs. The Journal of Private Equity, 20(3), 12–15. https://doi.org/10.3905/jpe.2017.20.3.012

Kor, Y. Y., McGrath, R. G., & MacMillan, I. (2001). The entrepreneurial mindset: Strategies for continuously creating opportunity in an age of uncertainty. The Academy of Management Review, 26(3), 457-459. https://doi.org/10.2307/259188

Kotter, J. P. (2001). What leaders really do. Harvard Business Review, 2001(Dec), 24-33. https://hbr.org/2001/12/what-leaders-really-do

Krieger, A., Block, J., & Stuetzer, M. (2018). Skill variety in entrepreneurship: A literature review and research directions [MPRA Paper]. University Library of Munich, Germany.

Larsson, R. (1993). Case survey methodology: Quantitative analysis of patterns across case studies. Academy of Management Journal, 36(6), 1515-1536.

Latif, K. F., Nazeer, A., Shahzad, F., Ullah, M., Imranullah, M., & Sahibzada, U. F. (2020). Impact of entrepreneurial leadership on project success: Mediating role of knowledge management processes. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 41(2), 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2019-0323

Le Deist, F. D., & Winterton, J. (2005). What is competence? Human Resource Development International, 8(1), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/1367886042000338227

Leadership Competencies Library. (2021). https://www.leadershipcompetencieslibrary.com/

Lee, Y.-D., Chen, P.-C., & Su, C.-L. (2020). The evolution of the leadership theories and the analysis of new research trends. The International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 12(3), 88-104.

Lukovszki L. (2011). Vállalkozói személyiségjegyek – Avagy mi teszi a vállalkozót? Vezetéstudomány – Budapest Management Review, 42(11), 16–33. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2011.11.02

MacMillan, I., & McGrath, R. G. (2000). The entrepreneurial mindset: Strategies for continuously creating opportunity in an age of uncertainty. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press.

Man, T. W. Y., Lau, T., & Chan, K. F. (2002). The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises: A conceptualization with focus on entrepreneurial competencies. Journal of Business Venturing, 17(2), 123–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(00)00058-6

McClelland, D. C. (1987). Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 21(3), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1987.tb00479.x

Megahed, N. (2018). A critical review of the literature and practice of competency modelling. KnE Social Sciences, 3(10), 104-126. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i10.3106

Mitchelmore, S., & Rowley, J. (2010). Entrepreneurial competencies: A literature review and development agenda. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 16(2), 92–111. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551011026995

Odoi-Atsem, V. (2018). If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together. African Proverb. Amazon Digital Services.

Omri, A., Frikha, M. A., & Bouraoui, M. A. (2015). An empirical investigation of factors affecting small business success. Journal of Management Development, 34(9), 1073–1093. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-07-2013-0088

Peterson, S. J., Abramson, R., & Stutman, R. K. (2020). How to develop your leadership style. Harvard Business Review, (November-December). https://hbr.org/2020/11/how-to-develop-your-leadership-style

Politis, D., & Politis, J. D. (2009). The relationship of mainstream leadership styles to entrepreneurial orientation [Working Paper].

Puga, J. L., García, J. G., & Cano, C. J. (2010). A definition of potential entrepreneur from a probabilistic point of view. In Proceedings of the XI Congreso de Metodología de las Ciencias Sociales & de la Salud (pp. 577-581). Istanbul, 4-8 February 2010.

Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A. L., & Brännback, M. (2015). Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 54–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12086

Robles, L., & Zárraga-Rodríguez, M. (2015). Key competencies for entrepreneurship. Procedia Economics and Finance, (23), 828–832. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00389-5

Rose, R. C., Kumar, N., & Yen, L. L. (2006). Entrepreneurs success factors and escalation of small and medium-sized enterprises in Malaysia. Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3), 74–80. https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2006.74.80

Rothaermel, F. T. (2015). Apple Inc (Case Study No. MH0027; p. 24). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School. Safonov, Y., Maslennikov, Y., & Lenska, N. (2018). Evolution and modern tendencies in the theory of leadership. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 4(1), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-1-304-310

Sethuraman, K., & Suresh, J. (2014). Effective leadership styles. International Business Research, 7(9), 165–172. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v7n9p165

Smith, R., Bell, R., & Watts, H. (2014). Personality trait differences between traditional and social entrepreneurs. Social Enterprise Journal, 10(3), 200–221. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-08-2013-0033

Spanjer, A., & van Witteloostuijn, A. (2017). The entrepreneur’s experiential diversity and entrepreneurial performance. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 141–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9811-0

Spencer, L. M., & Spencer, S. M. (1993). Competence at work: Models for superior performance. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Srun, L., Sok, S., & Soun, H. (2016). Modelof entrepreneurial Success: Linking theory and practice. In 6th Annual International Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (IE 2016) (pp. 97-103). Boston: The 2016 WEI International Academic Conference Proceeding. https://doi.org/10.5176/2251-2039_IE16.29

Stall-Meadows, C., & Hyle, A. (2010). Procedural methodology for a grounded meta-analysis of qualitative case studies: Grounded meta-analysis of case studies. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 34(4), 412–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2010.00882.x

Subrahmanyam, S. (2018). Corporate leadership: A review of conventional theories of leadership. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 2(3), 1360–1368. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11384

Subramaniam, R., & Shankar, R. K. (2020). Three mindsets of entrepreneurial leaders. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 29(1), 7–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971355719893498

Tittel, A., & Terzidis, O. (2020). Entrepreneurial competences revised: Developing a consolidated and categorized list of entrepreneurial competences. Entrepreneurship Education, 3(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-019-00021-4

Unger, J. M., Rauch, A., Frese, M., & Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3), 341–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.09.004

Vidal, G. G., Campdesuñer, R. P., Rodríguez, A. S., & Vivar, R. M. (2017). Contingency theory to study leadership styles of small businesses owner-managers at Santo Domingo, Ecuador. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 9, 184797901774317. https://doi.org/10.1177/1847979017743172

Warrick, D. D. (1981). Leadership styles and their consequences. Journal of Experimental Learning and Simulation, 3–4, 155–172.

Wasserman, N. (2011). Apple’s core (Case Study No. 9-809–063). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School.

Wasserman, N., & Uy, A. (2011). Frank Addante, serial entrepreneur (Case Study No. 9-809-046; p. 13). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School.

Zaleznik, A. (1981). Managers and leaders: Are they different? The Journal of Nursing Administration, 11(7), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-198107000-00005

Downloads

Published

2022-05-25

How to Cite

Kassai, Ákos. (2022). The Four Leadership Styles of Entrepreneurs: A Competency-Based Model for Entrepreneurial Leadership. Vezetéstudomány Budapest Management Review, 53(5), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2022.05.02

Issue

Section

Studies and Articles