FinTech és blockklánc alapú megoldások alkalmazási lehetőségei a zöld pénzügyekben
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2022.04.04Keywords:
green finance, sustainable finance, ESG, fintech, blockchain, innovationAbstract
In connection with climate protection efforts, green finance is receiving increasing attention, the primary goal of which is to finance sustainability-related objectives and projects. However, the spread of green finance is hampered by several factors. The increasingly intensive digital transformation and new technologies can greatly support the development of green finance. This article presents two fintech – green robo-advisors, green crowdfunding – and two blockchain-based solutions – peer-to-peer financing and investment, and peer-to-peer trading and exchange platforms user-to-user financ- ing and investment and user-to-user trading platforms – that can support the spread of green finance. Overall, the solutions examined facilitate access to finance, expand the investor base, including small investors and private equity, and offer new financing mechanisms to green project owners. Moreover, the solutions discussed could help to reduce barriers to the spread of green finance, especially financial ones.
Downloads
References
Agrawal, A. K., Catalini, C. & Goldfarb, A. (2014). Some Simple Economics of Crowdfunding. Innovation Policy & the Economy, 14, 63–97. https://doi.org/10.3386/w19133
Agrawal, S. & Tiwari, G. N. (2013). Overall energy, exergy and carbon credit analysis by different type of hybrid photovoltaic thermal air collectors. Energy Conversion & Management, 65, 628–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.09.020
Alam, M. A. & Jain, S. (2020). Blockchain Implementation Using Smart Grid-Based Smart City. In Krishnan, S. et al. (eds.), Handbook of Research on Blockchain Technology (pp. 133-169). New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819816-2.00006-X
Andoni, M., Robu, V., Flynn, D., Abram, S., Geach, D., Jenkins, D. P., McCallum, P., & Peacock, A. (2019). Blockchain technology in the energy sector: A systematic review of challenges and opportunities. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 100(November), 143–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.10.014
Andreeva, O., Vovchenko, N. G., Ivanova, O. B., & Kostoglodova, E. D. (2018). Green finance: Trends and financial regulation prospects. In Grima, S. & Thalassinos, E. (eds.), Contemporary Issues in Business & Financial Management in Eastern Europe (pp. 9–18). London: Emerald. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1569-375920180000100003
Azhgaliyeva, D., Kapoor, A. & Liu, Y. (2020). Green bonds for financing renewable energy and energy efficiency in South-East Asia: A review of policies. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 10(2), 113–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2019.1704160
Banga, J. (2019). The green bond market: a potential source of climate finance for developing countries. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 9(1), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2018.1498617
Bank for International Settlements (2018). Implications of fintech developments for banks & bank supervisors. Basel: Bank for International Settlements. https://www.bis.org/bcbs/publ/d415.pdf
Bergset, L. (2018). Green start-up finance – where do particular challenges lie? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 24(2), 451–575. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-11-2015-0260
Berrou, R., Ciampoli, N. & Marina, V. (2019). Defining Green Finance: Existing Standards & Main Challenges. In Migliorelli, M. & Dessertine, P. (eds.), The rise of green finance in Europe: Opportunities & Challenges for Issuers, Investors & Marketplaces (pp. 31-52). Rome: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22510-0_2
Boulianne, E. & Fortin, M. (2020). Risks & Benefits of Initial Coin Offerings: Evidence from impak Finance, a Regulated ICO. Accounting Perspectives, 19(4), 413 – 437. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3838.12243
Brocke, J., Simons, A., Niehaves, B., Riemer, K., Plattfaut, R., & Cleven, A. (2009). Reconstructing the Giant: On the Importance of Rigour in Documenting the Literature Search Process. In 17th European Conference on Information Systems, 9, 2206–2217. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600031211269721
Butticé, V., Colombo, M. G., Fumagalli, E., & Orsenigo, C. (2019). Green oriented crowdfunding campaigns: Their characteristics and diffusion in different institutional settings. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 141(April), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.047
Cen, T. & He, R. (2018). Fintech, Green Finance and Sustainable Development. Advances in Social Science, Education & Humanities Research, 291, 222–225.
Chowdhury, T. U., Datta, R. & Mohajan, H. K. (2013). Green Finance is Essential for Economic Development and Sustainability. International Journal of Research in Commerce, Economics & Management, 3(10), 104–108.
Cox, J. & Nguyen, T. (2018). Does the crowd mean business? An analysis of rewards-based crowdfunding as a source of finance for start-ups and small businesses. Journal of Small Business & Enterprise Development, 25(1), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-05-2017-0165
D’Acunto, F., Prabhala, N. & Rossi, A. G. (2019). The Promises and Pitfalls of Robo-Advising. Review of Financial Studies, 32(5), 1983–2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz014
Dorfleitner, G., Hornuf, L., Schmitt, M., & Weber, M. (2017). FinTech in Germany. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54666-7
Dorfleitner, G. & Braunn, D. (2019). Fintech, Digitalization & Blockchain: Possible Applications for Green Finance. In Migliorelli, M. & Dessertine, P. (eds.), The Rise of Green Finance in Europe: Opportunities and Challenges for Issuers, Investors & Marketplaces (pp. 207-238). Rome: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ellman, M. & Hurkens, S. (2019). Optimal Crowdfunding Design. Journal of Economic Theory, (184), 104939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2019.104939
European Commission (2015). A Framework Strategy for a Resilient Energy Union with a Forward-Looking Climate Change Policy. Brussels: European Commission.
European Commission (2018). Final report of the High-Level Expert Group on sustainable finance. Brussels: European Commission.
Fatemi, A. M. & Fooladi, I. J. (2013). Sustainable finance: A new paradigm. Global Finance Journal, 24(2), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2013.07.006
Fein, M. L. (2015). Robo-Advisors: A Closer Look. SSRN Electronic Journal, (September), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2658701
Fisch, C. (2019). Initial coin offerings (ICOs) to finance new ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.09.007
Fuessler, J. (2018). Navigating Blockchain and Climate Action.
Golosova, J. & Romanovs, A. (2018). The advantages and disadvantages of the blockchain technology. In IEEE 6th Workshop on Advances in Information, Electronic & Electrical Engineering (AIEEE) (pp. 1-6). IEEE
Hafner, S., Jones, A., Anger-Kraavi, A., & Pohl, J. (2020). Closing the green finance gap – A systems perspective. Environmental Innovation & Societal Transitions, 34(July), 26–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2019.11.007
Hafner, S., James, O. & Jones, A. (2019). A scoping review of barriers to investment in climate change solutions. Sustainability, 11(11), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113201
Hall, S., Foxon, T. J. & Bolton, R. (2017). Investing in low-carbon transitions: energy finance as an adaptive market. Climate Policy, 17(3), 280–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2015.1094731
Han, D., Zhang, C., Ping, J., & Yan, Z. (2020). Smart contract architecture for decentralized energy trading and management based on blockchains. Energy, (199), 117417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117417
He, L., Liu, R., Zhong, Z., Wang, D., & Xia, Y. (2019). Can green financial development promote renewable energy investment efficiency? A consideration of bank credit. Renewable Energy, (143), 974–984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.059
Hochschild, F. (2019). The Secretary-General’s strategy on new technologies. UN Chronicle, 55(4), 6–8. https://doi.org/10.18356/f9699d05-en
Horváth, D. (2020). A Fintech-jelenség hagyományos kereskedelmi bankokra gyakorolt hatásának vizsgálata. Vezetéstudomány, 51(9), 16–29. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2020.09.02
Howell, S. T., Niessner, M. & Yermack, D. (2020). Initial coin offerings: Financing growth with cryptocurrency token sales. Review of Financial Studies, 33(9), 3925–3974. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz131
International Development Finance Club (2013). Mapping of green finance delivered by IDFC members in 2012.
Islam, M. A., Yousuf, S., Hossain, K. F., & Islam, M R. (2014). Green financing in Bangladesh: Challenges and opportunities – A descriptive approach. International Journal of Green Economics, 8(1), 74–91. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGE.2014.064469
Ivanovic-Munitlak, O., Zubovic, J. & Mitic, P. (2017). Relationship between sustainable development and green economy: Emphasis on green finance & banking. Economics of Agriculture, 64(4), 1476–1482. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekoPolj1704467M
Johnson, C. (2020). The measurement of environmental, social and governance (ESG) & sustainable investment: Developing a sustainable new world for financial services. Journal of Securities Operations & Custody, 12(4), 336–356.
Joó, I. & Ormos, M. (2011). Diszpozíciós hatás a magyar tőkepiacon. Közgazdasági Szemle, 58(Szeptem- ber), 743–758.
Karvalics, L. Z. & Nagy, G. D. (2017). Blokklánc és társadalmi makroevolúció. Innovációs Társadalom, 17(3), 7–38. https://doi.org/10.22503/inftars.XVII.2017.3.1
Kim, S. K. & Huh, J. H. (2020). Blockchain of carbon trading for UN sustainable development goals. Sustainability, 12(10), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12104021
Kumar, S. (2013). Thermal-economic analysis of a hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) active solar distillation system: Role of carbon credit. Urban Climate, (5), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2013.07.001
Kuti, M. & Madarász, G. (2014). A közösségi finanszírozás. Pénzügyi Szemle, 59(3), 374–385.
Laidroo, L., Koroleva, E., Kliber, A., Rupeik, R., & Grigaliuniene, A. Z. (2021). Business models of FinTechs – Difference in similarity? Electronic Commerce Research & Applications, 46(December), 101034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2021.101034
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C.,6, Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Mohe, D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ, 339. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2700
Liebman, A., Reynolds, A., Robertson, D., Nolan, S., Argyriou, M., & Sargent, B. (2019). Green Finance in Indonesia: Barriers & Solutions. In Sachs, J. et al. (eds.), Handbook of Green Finance (pp. 557-586). Singapore: Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0227-5
Lindenberg, N. (2014). Definition of green finance.
Magyar Nemzeti Bank (2019). Zöld Pénzügyek Magyarországon – Konzultációs dokumentum. Budapest. MNB.
Málovics, G. (2011). A vállalati fenntarthatóság értelmezéséről. Szeged: JATEPress.
Marke, A. (2018). Blockchain for Smarter Renewable Energy Deployment. In Marke, A. (ed.), Transforming Climate Finance & Green Investment with Blockchains (pp. 63-64). New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814447-3.00042-2
Masiak, C., Block, J. H., Masiak, T., Neuenkirch, M., & Pielen, K. N. (2020). Initial coin offerings (ICOs): market cycles and relationship with bitcoin and ether. Small Business Economics, 55(4), 1113–1130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00176-3
Mengist, W., Soromessa, T. & Legese, G. (2020). Method for conducting systematic literature review and meta-analysis for environmental science research. MethodsX, 7, 100777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.100777
Mohd, S. & Kaushal, V. K. (2018). Green finance: A step towards sustainable development. Journal of Finance & Accounting, 5(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.17492/mudra.v5i01.13036
Mollick, E. (2014). The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.06.005
Mora, C., Rollins, R. L., Taladay, K., Kantar, M. B., Chock, M. K., Shimada, M., & Franklin, E. C. (2018). Bitcoin emissions alone could push global warming above 2°C. Nature Climate Change, 8(11), 931–933. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0321-8
Nassiry, D. (2018). The role of fintech in unlocking green finance: Policy insights for developing countries. 883. Tokyo.
Németh-Durkó, E. (2019). Környezet és pénzügyek. Budapest: Műhelytanulmány (working paper). Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Befektetések és Vállalati Pénzügy Tanszék.
Neves, L. P. & Prata, G. A. (2018). Blockchain Contributions for the Climate Finance.
Niranjanamurthy, M., Nithya, B. N. & Jagannatha, S. (2019). Analysis of Blockchain technology: pros, cons & SWOT. Cluster Computing, 22(2), 14743–14757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-018-2387-5
Noh, H. J. (2012). Green finance. Seoul: Park Young Sa. Noh, H. J. (2019). Financial Strategies to Accelerate Green Growth. In Sachs, J. et al. (eds.), Handbook of Green Finance (pp. 37-61). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0227-5
Parag, Y. & Fawcett, T. (2014). Personal carbon trading: a review of research evidence and real-world experience of a radical idea. Energy & Emission Control Technologies, p. 23. https://doi.org/10.2147/eect.s56173
Patel, D., Britto, B., Sharma, S., Gaikwad, K., Dusing, Y., & Gupta, M. (2020). Carbon Credits on Blockchain. In International Conference on Innovative Trends in Information Technology, ICITIIT 2020 (pp. 1–5). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITIIT49094.2020.9071536
Peimani, H. (2019). Financial Barriers to Development of Renewable & Green Energy Projects in Asia. In Sachs, J. et al. (eds.), Handbook of Green Finance (pp. 15-43). Singapore: Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8710-3
Pierrakis, Y. & Collins, L. (2013). Banking on Each Other. Peer-to-peer Lending to Business: Evidence From Funding Circle. London: Nesta.
Puschmann, T., Hoffmann, C. H. & Khmarskyi, V. (2020). How green fintech can alleviate the impact of climate change – The case of Switzerland. Sustainability, 12(24), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410691
Raberto, M., Ozel, B., Ponta, L., & Teglio, A. (2019). From financial instability to green finance: the role of banking and credit market regulation in the Eurace model. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 29(1), 429-465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-018-0568-2
Rakic, S. & Mitic, P. (2012). Green Banking – Green Financial Products with Special Emphasis on Retail Banking Products. In CCEDEP – 2nd Climate Change, Economic Development, Enviromental adn People Conference (pp. 54-60). Presov.
Rashid, H. U. & Uddin, M. M. (2018). Green financing for sustainability: Analysing the trends with challenges & prospects in the context of Bangladesh. International Journal of Green Economics, 12(3–4), 192–208. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGE.2018.097876
Richards, G., Noble, B. & Belcher, K. (2012). Barriers to renewable energy development: A case study of large-scale wind energy in Saskatchewan, Canada. Energy Policy, (42), 691–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.12.049
Sachs, J. D., Thye, W. W., Yoshino, N., & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2019). Why is green finance important? 917. Tokyo: ADBI.
Salampasis, D. & Mention, A.-L. (2017). FinTech: Harnessing Innovation for Financial Inclusion. In Handbook of Blockchain, Digital Finance, & Inclusion (pp. 451–461).
Schäfer, H. (2018). Germany: The “greenhorn” in the green finance revolution. Environment, 60(1), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2018.1397472
Schulz, K. & Feist, M. (2021). Leveraging blockchain technology for innovative climate finance under the Green Climate Fund. Earth System Governance, 7, 100084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2020.100084
Singh, A., Parizi, R. M., Qi, Z., Kim-Kwang Raymond, C., & Dehghantanha, A. (2020). Blockchain smart contracts formalization: Approaches and challenges to address vulnerabilities. Computers & Security, (88), 101654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2019.101654
Susanne, C., Barberis, J. & Telfer, J. (2016). The FINTECH Book: The Financial Technology Handbook for Investors, Entrepreneurs & Visionarie. Chichester: Wiley. Swan, M. (2015). Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy. London: O’Reilly Media.
Szepesi, N. J. (2020). Válságálló-e a fenntartható befektetés? ESG-részvényportfóliók válságidőszaki teljesítményének vizsgálata. Gazdaság és Pénzügy, 7(4), 500 –520. https://doi.org/10.33926/gp.2020.4.8
Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. & Yoshino, N. (2019). The way to induce private participation in green finance and investment. Finance Research Letters, 31(January), 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.04.016
Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. & Yoshino, N. (2020). Sustainable solutions for green financing and investment in renewable energy projects. Energies, 13(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040788
Tan, G. K. S. (2020). Robo-advisors and the financialization of lay investors. Geoforum, (117), 46–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.09.004
Tao, R., Su, C. W., Xiao, Y., Dai, K., & Khalid, F. (2020). Robo advisors, algorithmic trading & investment management: Wonders of fourth industrial revolution in financial markets. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, (163), 120421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120421
Tolliver, C., Keeley, A. R. & Managi, S. (2020). Drivers of green bond market growth: The importance of Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Agreement and implications for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, (244), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118643
Uhl, M. W. & Rohner, P. (2018). Robo-Advisors versus Traditional Investment Advisors: An Unequal Game. The Journal of Wealth Management, 21(Summer), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.3905/jwm.2018.21.1.044
Volz, U. (2018). Fostering green finance for sustainable development in Asia. 814. Tokyo.
de Vries, A. (2018). Bitcoin’s Growing Energy Problem. Joule, 2(5), 801–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.016
Wang, Y. & Zhi, Q. (2016). The Role of Green Finance in Environmental Protection: Two Aspects of Market Mechanism & Policies. Energy Procedia, (104), 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.12.053
Webster, J. & Watson, R. T. (2002). Analyzing the Past to Prepare for the Future: Writing a Literature Review. MIS Quarterly, 26(2), xiii–xxiii. https://doi.org/10.1.1.104.6570
Willfort, R., Weber, C. & Gajda, O. (2016). The Crowd- funding Ecosystem: Benefits & Examples of Crowdfunding Initiatives. In Open Tourism. Open Innovation, Crowdsourcing & Co-Creation Challenging the Tourism Industry (pp. 405-412). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Wong, B. T., Show, K. Y., Lee, D. J., & Lai, J. Y. (2009). Carbon balance of anaerobic granulation process: Carbon credit. Bioresource Technology, 100(5), 1734–1739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.045
Xiao, Y. & Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on Conducting a Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Planning Education & Research, 39(1), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X17723971
Zamfiroiu, T. P. & Pînzaru, F. (2021). Advancing Strategic Management through Sustainable Finance. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 9(2), 279– 291. https://doi.org/10.2478/mdke-2021-0019
Ziolo, M., Iwona, B. & Katarzyna, C. (2021). The role of sustainable finance in achieving sustainable development goals: Does it work? Technological & Economic Development of Economy, 27(1), 45–70. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2020.13863
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors assign copyright to Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review. Authors are responsible for permission to reproduce copyright material from other sources.