Az Ipar 4.0 implementációval kapcsolatos vezetői motivációk és akadályozó tényezők elemzése hazai vállalatvezetők véleménye alapján

Authors

  • Nóra Obermayer University of Pannonia
  • Tibor Csizmadia University of Pannonia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6734-8894
  • Dávid Máté Hargitai University of Pannonia
  • Tamás Attila Kigyós University of Pannonia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2021.02.06

Keywords:

attitude, Industry 4.0, labour force, motivation

Abstract

Internet, social media, digital transformation, Internet of Things, smart technologies and artificial intelligence are increasingly part of people’s lives. Automation and robotics are the key factors for Industry 4.0. Companies are now facing the challenge of integrating artificial intelligence and robots into their workforce by encouraging employees to work with their ‘robotic teammates’. A few studies have examined attitudes towards these new technologies. This study summarises the first part of a major research project that aims to reveal the attitudes and perceptions of company leaders towards digital transformation and Industry 4.0. The research is based on qualitative interviews with Hungarian managers. The main findings show that there is a great amount of uncertainty towards the upcoming changes in the world of work and a bit of anxiety as well, but as the change unfolds, the companies become more and more confident and willing to apply the new technologies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Nóra Obermayer, University of Pannonia

Associate Professor

Tibor Csizmadia, University of Pannonia

Associate Professor

Dávid Máté Hargitai, University of Pannonia

Senior Assistant Lecturer

Tamás Attila Kigyós, University of Pannonia

Lecturer

References

Acocella, I. (2012). The focus groups in social research: advantages and disadvantages. Quality & Quantity, 46(4), 1125-1136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-011-9600-4

Agolla, J. E. (2018). Human Capital in the Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0 Revolution. In Antonella Petrillo, Raffaele Cioffi & Fabio De Felice (eds.), Digital Transformation in Smart Manufacturing (pp. 41-58). London: IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.73575

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1977). Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research. Psychological Bulletin, 84(5), 888–918. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.84.5.888

Albarracín, D., Wei, W., Hong, L., & Kenji, N. (2008). Structure of Attitudes Judgments, Memory, and Implications for Change. In Crano, W. D. & Prislin, R. (eds.), Attitudes and Attitude Change (pp. 19-41). New York: Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203838068

Alvin, D. F., & Krosnick, J. A. (1991). The Reliability of Survey Attitude Measurement: The Influence of Question and Respondent Attributes. Sociological Methods & Research, 20(1), 139–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124191020001005

BCG (2015). Man and Machine in Industry 4.0. How Will Technology Transform the Industrial Workforce Through 2025? Retrieved from http://englishbulletin. adapt.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/BCG_Man_ and_Machine_in_Industry_4_0_Sep_2015_tcm80- 197250.pdf

Berg, M., & Hudson, P. (1992). Rehabilitating the industrial revolution 1. The Economic History Review, 45(1), 24-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.1992.tb01290.x

Brettel, M., Friederichsen, N., Keller, M., & Rosenberg, M. (2014). How virtualization, decentralization and network building change the manufacturing landscape: An Industry 4.0 Perspective. International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 37–44. https://publications.waset.org/9997144/ how-virtualization-decentralization-and-networkbuilding-change-the-manufacturing-landscape-an-industry-40-perspective

Crano, W. D., & Prislin, R. (2006). Attitudes and persuasion. Annual Review of Psychology, 57(1), 345–374. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190034

Crano, W. D., & Prislin, R. (2008). Attitudes and Attitude Change The Fourth Peak. New York: Taylor & Francis Group.

Dassisti, M., Giovannini, A., Merla, P., Chimienti, M., & Panetto, H. (2019). An approach to support Industry 4.0 adoption in SMEs using a core-metamodel. Annual Reviews in Control, 47(Nov), 266-274. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203838068

Demeter, K., Losonci, D., Nagy, J., & Horváth, B. (2019). Tapasztalatok az Ipar 4.0-val – egy esetalapú elemzés. Vezetéstudomány, 50(4), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2019.04.02

DXC (2019). Five Technology Trends in 2020 Poised to Transform the Future of Work. Retrieved from https://www.dxc.technology/newsroom/press_ releases/147885-five_technology_trends_in_2020_ poised_to_transform_the_future_of_work_ according_to_dxc_technology

Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Fort Worth, TX.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Elo, S., Kääriäinen, M., Kanste, O., Pölkki, T., Utriainen, K., & Kyngäs, H. (2014). Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness. SAGE Open, 4(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014522633

Fleishman, E. A. (1953). Leadership Climate, Human Relations Training, and Supervisory Behavior. Personnel Psychology, 6(2), 205-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1953.tb01040.x

Gawronski, B. & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2006). Associative and Propositional Processes in Evaluation: An Integrative Review of Implicit and Explicit Attitude Change. Psychological Bulletin, 132(5), 692–731. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.692

Gehrke, L., Bonse, R., & Henke, M. (2016). Towards a management framework for the digital transformation of logistics and manufacturing. In Proceedings of 23rd EurOMA Conference (pp. 1–10). 23rd EurOMA Conference, Trondheim.

Géring, Zs. (2017). Kevert szövegelemzési módszertan alkalmazása gazdasági és társadalmi jelenségek vizsgálatához. Vezetéstudomány, 48(4), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2017.04.08

Greenwood, J. & Jovanovic, B. (1999). The information technology revolution and the stock market. American Economic Review, 89(2), 116-122. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.2.116

Hecklau, F., Galeitzke, M., Flachs, S., & Kohl, H. (2016). Holistic Approach for Human Resource Management in Industry 4.0. Procedia CIRP, 54(Dec), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.05.102

Hermann, M., Pentek, T. & Otto, B. (2016). Design Principles for Industrie 4.0 Scenarios. In Proceedings of 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (pp. 3928-3937). Koloa, HI. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2016.488

Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H. (1982). Leadership style: Attitudes and behaviors. Training & Development Journal, 36(5), 50–52.

Hoffmeister-Tóth, Á. (2017). A fogyasztói magatartás alapjai. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.

Horváth D., & Szabó Zs. R. (2019). Driving forces and barriers of Industry 4.0: Do multinational and small and medium-sized companies have equal opportunities? Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 146(Sept), 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.05.021

Imran, F., & Kantola, J. (2019). Review of Industry 4.0 in the Light of Sociotechnical System Theory and Competence-Based View: A Future Research Agenda for the Evolute Approach. In Kantola J., Nazir S., & Barath T. (eds.), Advances in Human Factors, Business Management and Society. AHFE 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (vol. 783) (pp. 118-128). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94709-9_12

Kaasinen, E., Schmalfuß, F., Özturk, C., Aromaa, S., Boubekeur, M., Heilala, J., Heikkiläa, P., Kuulaa, T., ... Waltere, T. (2020). Empowering and engaging industrial workers with Operator 4.0 solutions. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 139(Jan), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.01.052

Kagermann, H., Wahlster, W., & Helbig, J. (2013). Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0. Final report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group, Acatech, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Retrieved from http://digital. bib-bvb.de/webclient/DeliveryManager?custom_ att_2=simple_viewer&pid=5744125

Kelman, H. C. (1958). Compliance, identification, and internalization: Three processes of attitude change. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2(1), 51-60.

Kergroach S. (2017). Industry 4.0: New Challenges and Opportunities for the Labour Market. Foresight and STI Governance, 11(4), 6–8. https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2017.4.6.8

Kinzel, H. (2017). Industry 4.0 – Where Does This Leave the Human Factor? Journal of Urban Culture Research, 15, 70-83. https://doi.org/10.14456/jucr.2017.14

Koleva, N. (2019). An Empirical Study on Human Resources’ Attitude Towards Manufacturing Digitalization. In 2019 Proceedings of International Conference on Creative Business for Smart and Sustainable Growth (CREBUS) (pp. 1-5). Sandanski, Bulgaria. https://doi.org/10.1109/CREBUS.2019.8840057

Lasi, H., Fettke, P., Kemper, H.G., Feld, T., & Hoffmann, M. (2014). Industry 4.0. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 6(April), 239–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-014-0334-4

Li, D., Fast-Berglund, Å., & Paulin, D. (2019) Current and future Industry 4.0 capabilities for information and knowledge sharing. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 105(Dec), 3951–3963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03942-5

Liao, Y., Deschamps, F., Loures, E. de F. R., & Ramos, L. F. P. (2017). Past, present and future of Industry 4.0 - a systematic literature review and research agenda proposal. International Journal of Production Research, 55(12), 3609–3629. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1308576

Mockaitis, A. (2005). A cross-cultural study of leadership attitudes in three Baltic sea region countries. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 1(1), 44 - 63.

Mokyr, J. (1999). The Second Industrial Revolution, 1870–1914. In Castronovo, V. (Ed.), Storiadell’ Economia Mondiale (pp. 219-245). Rome: Laterza Publishing.

Molnár, Sz. (2018). A negyedik ipari forradalom nem várt hatásai. E-Közigazgatási Tanulmányok, 11(3), 43-51. http://kozszov.org.hu/dokumentumok/UMK_2018/3 /06_Negyedik_ipari_forradalom.pdf

Mortensen, D. (2017). Automation may take our jobs – but it’ll restore our humanity. Retrieved from https:// qz.com/1054034/automation-may-take-our-jobs-but- itll-restoreour-humanity

Müller, J. M., Kiel, D., & Voigt, K. (2018). What Drives the Implementation of Industry 4.0? The Role of Opportunities and Challenges in the Context of Sustainability. Sustainability, 10(1), 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010247

Nagy, J. (2019). Az Ipar 4.0 fogalma és kritikus kérdései– vállalati interjúk alapján. Vezetéstudomány, 50(1), 14- 26. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2019.01.02

PEW - Pew Research Center (2014). Key Insights: Expert Views on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and the Future of Jobs. Retrieved from http://www. pewinternet.org/2014/08/06/key-insights-expert-views-on-artificial-intelligence-robotics-and-the- future-of-jobs/

Pfohl, H. C., Yahsi, B., & Kurnaz, T. (2015). The impact of Industry 4.0 on the supply chain. In Kertsen, W., Blecker, T., & Ringle, C.M. (Eds.), Innovations and Strategies for Logistics and Supply Chain (pp. 31-58). Berlin: epubli GmbH.

PWC (2018a). How SAP’s intelligent enterprise can help Technology, Media, and Telecom (TMT) Companies in their “Connected Supply Chain” journey towards Industry 4.0 evolution. Retrieved from https://www. pwc.com/us/en/services/alliances/assets/pwc-sap-intelligent-enterprise-and-industry-4-0.pdf

PwC (2018b). Global Digital Operations Study 2018 - Digital Champions How industry leaders build integrated operations ecosystems to deliver end-to-end customer solutions. Retrieved from www.strategyand. pwc.com/gx/en/insights/industry4-0/global-digital- operations-study- digital-champions.pdf

Quattrociocchi, B., Mercuri, F., d’Arcangelo, D., & Cristini, V. (2018). Knowledge management to compete in the digital era: Skills evolution of enterprise systems. In Proceedings of 19th European Conference on Knowledge Management (pp. 733- 741). Padua, Italy.

Reid, N. (2006). Thoughts on attitude measurement. Research in Science & Technological Education, 24(1), 3-27, https://doi.org/10.1080/02635140500485332

Roccato, M. & Zogmaister, C. (2010). Predicting the Vote through Implicit and Explicit Attitudes: A Field Research. Political Psychology, 31(2), 249-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2009.00751.x

Romero, D., Stahre, J., Wuest, T., Noran, O., Bernus, P., Fast-Berglund, Å., & Gorecky, D. (2016). Towards an Operator 4.0 Typology: A Human-Centric Perspective on the Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies. In Proceedings of 46th International Conference on Computers & Industrial Engineering (pp. 1-11). Tianjin, China.

Rubin, R. S., Dierdorff, E. C., Bommer, W. H., & Baldwin, T. T. (2009). Do leaders reap what they sow? Leader

and employee outcomes of leader organizational cynicism about change. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(5), 680–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.06.002

Rudman, L. A., Greenwald, A. G., Mellott, D. S., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1999). Measuring the Automatic Components of Prejudice: Flexibility and Generality of the Implicit Association Test. Social Cognition, 17(4), 437-465. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.1999.17.4.437

Schriesheim, C. A., Cogliser, C. C., & Neider, L. L. (1995). Is It “Trustworthy”? A Multiple-Levels-Of- Analysis Reexamination of an Ohio State Leadership Study, With Implications For Future Research. Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 1 I l-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)9003-4

Schriesheim, C. A., & Bird, B. J. (1979). Contributions of the Ohio State Studies to the Field of Leadership. Journal of Management, 5(2), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920637900500204

Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution: What It Means, How to Respond. World Economic Forum. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/ agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond

Schwandt, T. A. (2007). The Sage dictionary of qualitative inquiry. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

Shamim, S., Cang, S., Yu, H. & Li, Y. (2016). Management approaches for Industry 4.0: A human resource management perspective. In Proceedings of IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) (pp. 5309-5316). Vancouver, BC. https://doi.org/10.1109/CEC.2016.7748365

Ślusarczyk, B. (2018). Industry 4.0 - are we ready? Polish Journal of Management Studies, 17(1), 232-248. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2018.17.1.19

Spreckley, F. (1981). Social Audit: A Management Tool for Co-operative Working. London: Beechwood College.

Stachová, K., Papula, J., Stacho, Z., & Kohnová, L. (2019). External partnerships in employee education and development as the key to facing industry 4.0 challenges. Sustainability, 11(2), 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020345

Ternai, K. (2020). Az Ipar 4.0 az ERP-ökoszisztémák perspektívájából. Vezetéstudomány, 51(6), 56-68. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2020.06.06

UBS (2016). Extreme automation and connectivity: The global, regional, and investment implications of the Fourth In- dustrial Revolution. UBS White Paper for the World Economic Forum. Annual Meeting 2016, Retrieved from www.worldcat.org/ title/extreme-automation-and-connectivity-the- global-regional-and-investment-implications-of-the- fourth-industrial-revolution-ubs-white-paper-for- the-world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2016/ oclc/935421307

Veres, Z., Hoffmann, M., & Kozák, Á. (2016). Bevezetés a piackutatásba. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.

Veza, I., Mladineo, M., & Gjeldum, N. (2015). Managing Innovative Production Network of Smart Factories. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 48(3), 555-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.139

Xu, L. D., Xu, E. L., & Li, L. (2018). Industry 4.0: state of the art and future trends. International Journal of Production Research, 56(8), 2941-2962. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1444806

Wittenberg, C. (2016). Human-CPS interaction – requirements and human-machine interaction methods for the Industry 4.0. IFAC-Papersonline, 49(19), 420–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.602

Yu, Z., Ouyang, J., Li, S., & Peng, X. (2017). Formal modeling and control of cyber-physical manufacturing systems. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 9(10), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814017725472

Downloads

Published

2021-02-09

How to Cite

Obermayer, N., Csizmadia, T., Hargitai, D. M., & Kigyós, T. A. (2021). Az Ipar 4.0 implementációval kapcsolatos vezetői motivációk és akadályozó tényezők elemzése hazai vállalatvezetők véleménye alapján. Vezetéstudomány Budapest Management Review, 52(2), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2021.02.06

Issue

Section

FFISC Best Paper