Unchanged trust in a time of change

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2023.12.01

Keywords:

trust, leadership, change, people management, VUCA

Abstract

The authors examined the behavior of managers during times of unexpected change. With their research, they looked for the answer to what managers should do so that employees would trust them. The authors anonymously and voluntarily asked 223 employees of 3 large manufacturing companies about their managers throughout the changes that occurred due to COVID-19, in contrast with the previously taken studies, during which a significant part of the research was carried out with unitarist practice using the only perspective seen from the perspective of management. It seems that the employees expect the number one leader to show direction and consider employee’s welfare to be equally important in such a period just as in any ordinary period. The direct manager’s sound judgment, competence, and professional competence is being evolved in unexpected situations. The authors draw attention to the need for individual treatment and the importance of managers’ „people management” skills.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Emőke Nyéki, Budapest University of Technology and Economics

PhD student

Márta Juhász, Budapest University of Technology and Economics

associate professor

References

Ahteela, R., & Vanhala, M. (2018). HRM bundles and organizational trust. Knowledge and Process Management, 25(1), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1561

Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1999). Re‐examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72(4), 441-462. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317999166789

Baer, M. D., & Colquitt, J. A. (2018). Why do people trust: Moving toward a more comprehensive consideration of the antecedents of trust. In Searle, R.H., Nienaber, A.M. & Sitkin, S.B. (Eds.), The Routledge companion to trust (pp. 163-182). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315745572

Baran, B. E., & Woznyj, H. M. (2020). Managing VUCA: The human dynamics of agility. Organizational Dynamics, 50(2), 100787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2020.100787

Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(90)90061-S

Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1990). Transformational leadership development: Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Consulting Psychologists Press.

Bencsik, A., & Juhász, T. (2018). Tudásorientált szervezetek értékítélete a bizalom gazdasági hatásairól. Vezetéstudomány, 49(1), 30-39. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2018.01.04

Bennett, N., & Lemoine, G. J. (2014). What a difference a word makes: Understanding threats to performance in a VUCA world. Business Horizons, 57(3), 311-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2014.01.001

Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. Wiley. Blomqvist, K. (1997). The many faces of trust. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 13(3), 271-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5221(97)84644-1

Bluedorn, A. C. (1986). Scientific management by Frederick Winslow Taylor. Academy of Management Review, 11(2), 443-447 https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1986.4283643

Boon, S. D., & Holmes, J. G. (1991). The dynamics of interpersonal trust: Resolving uncertainty in the face of risk. In R. A. Hinde & J. Groebel (Eds.), Cooperation and prosocial behavior (pp. 190–211). Cambridge University Press.

Brett, J. F., Northcraft, G. B., & Pinkley, R. L. (1999). Stairways to heaven: An interlocking self-regulation model of negotiation. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 435-451. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1999.2202130

Colquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A., & LePine, J. A. (2007). Trust, trustworthiness, and trust propensity: a meta-analytic test of their unique relationships with risk taking and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 909-927. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.909

Cook, J., & Wall, T. (1980). New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need non‐fulfilment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1980.tb00005.x

Costa Jr, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). The five-factor model of personality and its relevance to personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 6(4), 343- 359. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.1992.6.4.343

Costigan, R. D., Iiter, S. S., & Berman, J. J. (1998). A multidimensional study of trust in organizations. Journal of Managerial Issues, 10(3),303-317. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40604201

Covey, S. M. R., & Merrill, R. R. (2011). A bizalom sebessége. A rejtett tényező, ami mindent megváltoztat. HVG Kiadó Zrt.

DeRue, D. S. (2011a). Adaptive leadership theory: Leading and following as a complex adaptive process. Research in Organizational Behavior, 31, 125-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2011.09.007

DeRue, D. S., Nahrgang, J. D., Wellman, N. E., & Humphrey, S. E. (2011b). Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta‐analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 7-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01201.x

Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. (2001). The role of trust in organizational settings. Organization Science, 12(4), 450-467. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.12.4.450.10640

Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. (2002). Trust in leadership: meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 611-628. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.611

Edelman (2018). 2018 Edelman Trust Barometer Expectations for CEOs. https://www.edelman.com/sites/g/files/aatuss191/files/2018-10/Edelman_Trust_Barometer_Implications_for_CEOs_2018.pdf

Edelman (2020). Edelman Trust Barometer 2020. https://www.edelman.com/sites/g/files/aatuss191/files/2020-01/2020%20Edelman%20Trust%20Barometer%20Global%20Report.pdf

Eisenberger, N. I. (2012). The pain of social disconnection: examining the shared neural underpinnings of physical and social pain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(6), 421-434. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3231

Farndale, E., Hope‐Hailey, V., & Kelliher, C. (2011). High commitment performance management: The roles of justice and trust. Personnel Review, 40(1), 5-23. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481111095492

Fiedler, F.E. (1967). A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness. McGraw-Hill.

Guinot, J., & Chiva, R. (2019). Vertical trust within organizations and performance: A systematic review. Human Resource Development Review, 18(2), 196-227. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484319842992

Hastings, R. & Meyer, E. (2020). Az a szabály, hogy nincs szabály – A Netflix és a megújulás kultúrája. Barecz&Conrad Books.

Herold, D. M., Fedor, D. B., & Caldwell, S. D. (2007). Beyond change management: a multilevel investigation of contextual and personal influences on employees’ commitment to change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 942-951. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.942

Hofmeister Tóth, Á., Kopfer-Rácz, K., & Zoltayné Paprika, Z. (2016). A magyar vállalkozók személyiségjegyei és azok kapcsolata a vezetői stílussal és a piacorientációval. Vezetéstudomány, 47(7), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2016.07.04

Jones, K. (1996). Trust as an affective attitude. Ethics, 107(1), 4-25. https://doi.org/10.1086/233694

Keszey, T. (2015). Bizalom és vállalati teljesítmény. A bizalom szerepe az aszimmetrikus információk minőségének vállalati észlelésében és azok vezetői döntéshozatalban való felhasználásában. Vezetéstudomány, 46(6), 2-11. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2015.06.01

Konovsky, M. A., & Pugh, S. D. (1994). Citizenship behavior and social exchange. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 656-669. https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/256704

Kouzes, J.M., & Posner, B.Z. (2010). The Truth about Leadership: The No-fads, Heart-of-the-Matter Facts You Need to Know. John Wiley & Sons.

Kramer, R. M. (1996). Divergent realities and convergent disappointments in the hierarchic relation. In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research (pp. 216-245). Sage.

Kruglanski, A. W. (1996). Motivated social cognition: Principles of the interface. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 493-520). Guilford Press.

Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 480-498. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.480

Lewicki, R. J., McAllister, D. J., & Bies, R. J. (1998). Trust and distrust: New relationships and realities. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 438-458. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.926620

Lewis, J. D., & Weigert, A. (1985). Trust as a social reality. Social Forces, 63(4), 967-985. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/63.4.967

Linley, A. P., Harrington, J.S., & Wood, A. M. (2006). Positive psychology: Past, present, and (possible) future. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760500372796

Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709-734. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9508080335

McAllister, D. J. (1995). Affect-and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 24-59. https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/256727

McCauley, D. P., & Kuhnert, K. W. (1992). A theoretical review and empirical investigation of employee trust in management. Public Administration Quarterly, 16(2), 265-284. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40862286

Miner, J.B. (2005). Organisational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge.

Muchinsky, P. M. (1977). Organizational communication: Relationships to organizational climate and job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 20(4), 592-607. https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/255359

Oginde, D. A. (2011). Follower expectations of a leader: Most admired leader behaviors. International Leadership Journal, 3(2), 87-108

Ónodi, A., & Répáczki, R. (2022). A menedzsment szerepe az innovatív vállalatok sikerében. Vezetéstudomány, 53(10), 2–14. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2022.10.01

Payne, R., & Clark, M. (2003). Dispositional and situational determinants of trust in two types of managers. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(1), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190210158556

Rousseau, D. M., Sitkin, S. B., Burt, R. S., & Camerer, C. (1998). Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 393-404. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.926617

Sass, J. (2005). Bizalom a szervezetekben. Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle, 60(1-2), 7-27. https://doi.org/10.1556/mpszle.60.2005.1-2.2

Schoorman, F. D., Mayer, R. C., & Davis, J. H. (2007). An integrative model of organizational trust: Past, present, and future. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 344-354. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.24348410

Sessa, V. I., Kaiser, R., Taylor, J. K., & Campbell, R. J. (1998). Executive selection. Center for Creative Leadership.

Siebert, S., Paton, R. A., & McCalman, J. (2015). Change management: A guide to effective implementation. Sage.

Szilagyi, A. D., & Keller, R. T. (1976). A comparative investigation of the supervisory behavior description questionnaire (SBDQ) and the revisited leader behavior description questionnaire (LBDQ-Form XII). Academy of Management Journal, 19(4), 642- 649. https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/255797

Tarnai, M. (2003). A bizalom szerepe a gazdasági kapcsolatokban. In Hunyadi Gy., & Székely M. (szerk.), Gazdaságpszichológia (pp. 676-715). Osiris Kiadó.

van der Werff, L., Legood, A., Buckley, F., Weibel, A., & de Cremer, D. (2019). Trust motivation: The self-regulatory processes underlying trust decisions. Organizational Psychology Review, 9(2-3), 99-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386619873616

Vanhala, M., Puumalainen, K. & Blomqvist, K. (2011). Impersonal trust – the development of the construct and the scale. Personnel Review, 40(4), 485-513. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481111133354

Weber, J.M., Malhotra, D., & Murnighan, J.K. (2004). Normal acts of irrational trust: Motivated attributions and the trust development process. Research in https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(04)26003-8

Williams, M. (2001). In whom we trust: Group membership as an affective context for trustdevelopment. Academy of Management Review, 26(3), 377-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/259183

Whiteman, W. E. (1998). Training and Educating Army Officers for the 21st Century: Implications for the United States Military Academy. Army War Coll Carlisle Barracks PA. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA345812.pdf

Whitener, E.M., Brodt, S.E., Korsgaard, M.A. & Werner, J.M. (1998). Managers as initiators of trust: an exchange relationship framework for understanding managerial trustworthy behavior. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 513–30. https://doi.org/10.2307/259292

World Values Survey (2017). World Values Survey Wave 7 (2017-2022). https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV7.jsp

Yukl, G., Gordon, A., & Taber, T. (2002). A hierarchical taxonomy of leadership behavior: Integrating a half century of behavior research. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(1), 15–32 https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190200900102

Yukl, G., & Lepsinger, R. (2005). Why integrating the leading and managing roles is essential for organizational effectiveness. Organizational Dynamics, 34(4), 361-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2005.08.004

Zand, D. E. (1972). Trust and managerial problem solving. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17(2), 229-239. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393957

Downloads

Published

2023-12-11

How to Cite

Nyéki, E., & Juhász, M. (2023). Unchanged trust in a time of change. Vezetéstudomány Budapest Management Review, 54(12), 2–13. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2023.12.01

Issue

Section

Studies and Articles