The effect of leadership styles on digital transformation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2023.10.01Keywords:
leadership styles, task-oriented leader, relationship-oriented leader, digital transformation, strategyAbstract
The latest industrial revolution is transforming the business world and prompting many companies to embrace digital transformation. In digital transformation, a company implements changes in their organisational operation (e.g., strategy, organisation, technology) to support the corporate institutionalisation of digital solutions. Based on the literature, management style is a key factor in companies' transformation. This research examines the impact of leadership styles on digital transformation using data from the company surveys of the Competitiveness Research Center. The authors found that the digital transformation of Hungarian manufacturing companies has two pillars: the digital transformation strategy and the digital transformation activities. The characteristics of the task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership styles appear mixed: one focuses on goals and implementation, and the other on performance and people. Both leadership styles have a significant positive impact on the digital transformation strategy; however, only the goals and implementation-focused style has a positive effect on activities.
Downloads
References
Alshehab, A., Alfozan, T., Gaderrab, H. F., Alahmad, M. A., & Alkandari, A. (2022). Identifying significant elements of the digital transformation of organizations in Kuwait. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 26(1), 318-325. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i1.pp318-325
Avella, L., Fernández, E., & Vázquez, C. J. (2001). Analysis of manufacturing strategy as an explanatory factor of competitiveness in the large Spanish industrial firm. International Journal of Production Economics, 72(2), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(00)00099-2
Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(90)90061-S
Behrendt, P., Matz, S., & Göritz, A. S. (2017). An integrative model of leadership behavior. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(1), 229–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.08.002
Bouwman, H., Nikou, S., & Reuver, M. de. (2019). Digitalization, business models, and SMEs: How do business model innovation practices improve performance of digitalizing SMEs? Telecommunications Policy, 43(9), 101828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101828
Brunetti, F., Matt, D. T., Bonfanti, A., De Longhi, A., Pedrini, G., & Orzes, G. (2020). Digital transformation challenges: strategies emerging from a multi-stakeholder approach. The TQM Journal, 32(4), 697-724. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-12-2019-0309
Bunjak, A., Bruch, H., & Černe, M. (2022). Context is key: The joint roles of transformational and shared leadership and management innovation in predicting employee IT innovation adoption. International Journal of Information Management, 66, 102516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102516
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row. Chikán, A., Czakó, E., Losonci, D. & Kiss-Dobronyi, B. (2019). A 4. ipari forradalom küszöbén. Gyorsjelentés a 2019. évi kérdőíves felmérés eredményeiről. Versenyképesség Kutató Központ, Budapest. http://unipub.lib.uni-corvinus.hu/4328/
Cortellazzo, L., Bruni, E., & Zampieri, R, (2019). The role of leadership in a digitalized World: a review. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1938. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01938
Demeter, K., Losonci, D., & Nagy, J. (2021). Road to digital manufacturing – a longitudinal case-based analysis. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 32(3), 820-839. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-06-2019-0226
Dunavölgyi, M. (2022). Leadership kutatás digitális transzformáció idején. Műhelytanulmány (working paper). Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Vezetéstudományi Intézet, Budapest. https://unipub.lib.uni-corvinus.hu/7814/
Eller, R., Alford, P., Kallmünzer, A., & Peters, M. (2020). Antecedents, consequences, and challenges of small and medium-sized enterprise digitalization. Journal of Business Research, 112, 119–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.03.004
Fouad, A. B. K. (2019). Digital transformation and leadership style: a multiple case study. ISM Journal, 3(1), 24-33. 2150-1076. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2335648358?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
Füstös, L., & Tárnok, O. (2017). Strukturális egyenletek modellje – Másodgenerációs statisztikai módszerek. Társadalmi Elemzések Alkalmazott Műhelye.
Galbraith, J. R., & Kates, A. (2010). Designing your organization: Using the STAR model to solve 5 critical design challenges. John Wiley & Sons.
Gandolfi, F., & Stone, S. (2018). Leadership, Leadership Styles, and Servant Leadership. Journal of Management Research, 18(4), 261-26. https://www.lasnny.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Leadership-Leadership-Styles-and-Servant-Leadership.pdf
Gelei, A., Losonci, D., & Matyusz Z. (2015). Lean production and leadership attributes – the case of Hungarian production managers. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 26(4), 477-500. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-05-2013-0059
Ghobakhloo, M. (2018). The future of manufacturing industry: a strategic roadmap toward Industry 4.0. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, (29)6, 910- 936. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-02-2018-0057
Gill, M., & VanBoskirk, S. (2016). The digital maturity model 4.0 benchmarks. Digital Business Transformation Playbook. Forrester. http://forrester.nitro-digital.com/pdf/Forrester-s%20Digital%20Maturity%20Model%204.0.pdf
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. Prentice Hall. Heini, M. T., & Heikki, K. (2015). The usage of digital marketing channels in SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 22(4), 633-651. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-05-2013-0073
Henkel, T. G., Marion, J. W., & Bourdeau, D. T. (2019). Project manager leadership behavior: task-oriented versus relationship-oriented. Journal of Leadership Education, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.12806/V18/I2/R8
Hersey, P., Blanchard, K., & Johnson, D. (2001). Management of organizational behavior (8th ed.). Prentice-Hall.
Hortoványi, L., Szabó, Zs. R., Nagy, S. Gy., & Stukovszky, T. (2020). A digitális transzformáció munkahelyekre gyakorolt hatásai – Felkészültek-e a hazai vállalatok a benne rejlő nagy lehetőségre (vagy a veszélyekre)? Külgazdaság, 64(3-4), 73–96. https://doi.org/10.47630/KULG.2020.64.3-4.73
Isensee, C., Teuteberg, F., Griese, K.-M., & Topi, C. (2020). The relationship between organizational culture, sustainability, and digitalization in SMEs: A systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 275, 122944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122944
Ivancic, L., Vuksic, V. B., & Spremic, M. (2019). Mastering the digital transformation process. Business Practices and Lessons Learned Technology Innovation Management Review, 9(2), 36-50. https://timreview.ca/sites/default/ files/article_PDF/Ivancic_et_al_TIMReview_February2019.pdf
Jung, D.I., & Avolio, B.J. (2017). Effects of leadership style and followers’ cultural orientation on performance in group and individual task conditions. Academy of Management Journal, 42(2), 208-218. https://doi.org/10.5465/257093
Karippur, N.K., & Balaramachandran, P.R. (2022). Antecedents of effective digital leadership of enterprises in Asia Pacific. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 26, 1-35. https://doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v26i0.2525
Keller, T., & Weibler, J. (2014). Behind managers’ ambidexterity- Studying personal traits, leadership and environmental conditions. Schmalenbach Business Review, 66(3), 309–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03396909
Kim, M.K., & Jee, K.Y. (2007). Factors influencing strategie use of information technology and its impact on business performance of SMEs. ETRI Journal, 29(4), 497-506. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.07.0106.0303
Központi Statisztikai Hivatal. (2021). Kutatás-fejlesztés, 2019 – Innováció 2016-2018. https://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/tudkut/2019/index.html#akfrfordtsoksszege2019benmeghaladtaa700milliardforintot
Központi Statisztikai Hivatal. (2021). Ipar. https://www.ksh.hu/ipar
Lovelace, J. B., Neely, B. H., Allen, J. B., & Hunter, S. T. (2019). Charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic (CIP) model of leadership: a critical review and agenda for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 96-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.08.001
Matt, C., Hess, T., & Benlian, A. (2015). Digital transformation strategies. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 57(5), 339–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-015-0401-5
McKinsey.com (2008). Enduring Ideas: The 7-S Framework. McKinsey Quarterly. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/enduring-ideas-the-7-s-framework
Mikkelson, A. C., Sloan, D., & Hesse, C. (2019). Relational communication messages and leadership styles in supervisor/ employee relationships. International Journal of Business Communication, 56(4), 586–604. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488416687267
Móricz, P. (2022). A magyarországi vállalatok digitális képessége a pandémia előtt. Vezetéstudomány, 53(3), 2-18. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2022.03.01
Móricz, P., & Drótos, G. (2019). Az információmenedzsmenttől a digitalizációig – Tendenciák az információmenedzsment és digitalizáció vállalati versenyképességben játszott szerepének vizsgálatában (Műhelytanulmány). Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Versenyképesség Kutató Központ.
Nahavandi, A. (2002). The art and science of leadership (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall.
Obermayer, N., Csizmadia, T., Hargitai, D. M., & Kigyós, T. A. (2021). Az Ipar 4.0 implementációval kapcsolatos vezetői motivációk és akadályozó tényezők elemzése hazai vállalatvezetők véleménye alapján. Vezetéstudomány, 52(2), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2021.02.06
Porfírio, J. A., Carrilho, T., Felício, J. A., & Jardim, J. (2021). Leadership characteristics and digital transformation. Journal of Business Research, 124, 610-619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.058
Rousseau, D. M. (1995). Psychological contracts in organizations: Understanding written and unwritten agreements. Sage.
Ruel, H., Rowlands, H., & Njoku, E. (2021). Digital business strategizing: the role of leadership and organizational learning. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 31(1), 145-161. http://doi.org/10.1108/CR-11-2019-0109
Rüzgar, N. (2018). The effect of leaders’ adoption of task-oriented or relationship-oriented leadership style on leader- member exchange (LMX), in the organizations that are active in service sector: a research on tourism agencies. Journal of Business Administration Research, 7(1), 50-60. https://doi.org/10.5430/jbar.v7n1p50
Szalavetz, A. (2020). Ki profitál a digitális átalakulásból? Műhelytanulmányok 139. Közgazdaság- és Regionális Tudományi Kutatóközpont Világgazdasági Intézet. http://real.mtak.hu/113326/1/MT139_202009_Szalavetz.pdf
Szerb, L., Komlósi, É., & Páger, B. (2020). Új technológiai cégek az Ipar 4.0 küszöbén. A magyar digitális vállalkozási ökoszisztéma szakértői értékelése. Vezetéstudomány, 51(6), 81-96. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2020.06.08
Szukits, Á. (2022). The illusion of data-driven decision making – The mediating effect of digital orientation and controllers’ added value in explaining organizational implications of advanced analytics. Journal of Management Control, 33, 403-446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-022-00343-w
Tabernero, C., Chambel, M. J., Curral, L., & Arana, J. M. (2009). The role of task-oriented versus relationship-oriented leadership on normative contract and group performance. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 37(10), 1391-1404. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.10.1391
Tavoletti, E., Kazemargi, N., Cerruti, C., Grieco, C., & Appolloni, A. (2021). Business model innovation and digital transformation in global management consulting firms. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(6), 612-636. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/EJIM-11-2020-0443/full/html
Tilson, D., Lyytinen, K., & Sørensen, C., (2010). Digital infrastructures: the missing IS research agenda. Information Systems Research, 21(4), 748–759. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1100.0318
Tortorella, G.L., Fettermann, D., Frank, A., & Marodin, G. (2018). Lean manufacturing implementation: leadership styles and contextual variables. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 38(5), 1205- 1227. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-08-2016-0453
Tortorella, G.L., & Fogliatto, F. (2017). Implementation of lean manufacturing and situational leadership styles: An empirical study. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(7), 946-968. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2016-0165
Tortorella, G., van Dun, D. H., & Gundes de Almeida, A. (2019). Leadership behaviors during lean healthcare implementation: a review and longitudinal study. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 31(1), 193- 215. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-02-2019-0070
Weber, E., Büttgen, M., & Bartsch, S. (2022). How to take employees on the digital transformation journey: An experimental study on complementary leadership behaviors in managing organizational change, Journal of Business Research, 143, 225-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.036
Wimmer, Á., & Csesznák, A. (2021). A hazai vállalatok versenyképességi jellemzői a negyedik ipari forradalom idején. Versenyképesség könyvsorozat. Alinea Kiadó – BCE Versenyképesség Kutató Központ. http://doi.org/10.14267/978-615-5669-49-1
Yukl, G., Gordon, A., & Taber, T. (2002). A hierarchical taxonomy of leadership behavior: integrating a half-century of behavior research. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 9, 15-32. http://doi.org/10.1177/107179190200900102
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors assign copyright to Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review. Authors are responsible for permission to reproduce copyright material from other sources.