Operational features of science and technology parks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2025.06.04Keywords:
innovációs ökoszisztéma, tudományos park, technológiai park, üzleti modell, park menedzsmentAbstract
The science and technology parks currently serve as dynamic research hubs, encompassing various themes. The aim of the article is to address the operational characteristics of the parks based on examples of international parks. The analysis approaches the parks as innovation ecosystems on a system level through case studies of selected parks, placing them into the context of the results of a wide-range survey. Following the literature review, three research questions are discussed. Firstly, the study provides a comprehensive overview of the operational characteristics of science and technology parks. The study’s second part concentrates on interpreting the business model approach within the context of science and technology parks. Finally, the paper provides suggestions to elements outlining a general model for the development of science and technology parks. The conclusions highlight the importance of knowledge-based themes and ecosystem elements, as well as the role of knowledge management at the park level.
Downloads
References
Adner, R. (2016). Ecosystem as structure. Journal of Management, 43(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316678451
Alam, M.A., Rooney, D., Lundmark, E., & Taylor, M. (2022). The ethics of sharing: Does generosity erode the competitive advantage of an ecosystem firm? Journal of Business Ethics, 187(4), 821–839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05228-5
Anbari, F.T., & Umpleby, S.A. (2006). Productive research teams and knowledge generation. In Carayannis, E.G., & Campbell, D.F.J. (Eds.), Knowledge Creation, Diffusion, and Use in Innovation Networks and Knowledge Clusters, A Comparative Systems Approach across the United States, Europe and Asia (pp. 26-38). Praeger.
Balle, A.R., Steffen, M.O., Curado, C., & Oliveira, M. (2019). Interorganizational knowledge sharing in a science and technology park: The use of knowledge sharing mechanisms. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(10), 2016–2038. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-05-2018-0328
Birkner, Z., Mészáros, Á., & Szabó, I. (2022). Handling regional research, development and innovation (RDI) disparities in Hungary: New measures of university- based innovation ecosystem. Regional Statistics, 12(4), 27–55. https://doi.org/10.15196/rs120402
Campbell, D.F., & Guttel, W.H. (2005). Knowledge production of firms: Research networks and the „scientification” of business R&D. International Journal of Technology Management, 31(1/2), 152-175. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2005.006629
Carayannis, E.G., & Gonzalez, E. (2003). Creativity and innovation = competitiveness? When, how, and why. In Shavinina, L.V. (Ed.), The International Handbook on Innovation (pp. 587–606). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044198-6/50040-1
Carayannis, E.G., & Campbell, D.F.J. (2006). Mode 3: meaning and implications from a knowledge systems perspective. In Elias, G.C., & Campbell, D.F.J. (Eds.), Knowledge Creation, Diffusion, and Use in Innovation Networks and Knowledge Clusters. A Comparative Systems Approach across the United States, Europe and Asia (pp. 1-25). Praeger.
Carayannis, E.G., & Campbell, D.F. (2009). „Mode 3” and „Quadruple Helix”: toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem. International Journal of Technology Management, 46(3/4), 201-234. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2009.023374
Cardullo, M.W. (1999). Technology life cycles. In Richard, C.D. (Ed.), The Technology Management Handbook (pp. 3-49). CRC Press.
Díez-Vial, I., & Fernández-Olmos, M. (2014). Knowledge spillovers in science and technology parks: how can firms benefit most? The Journal of Technology Transfer, 40(1), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-013-9329-4
Etzkowitz, H. (2002). Research groups as ‘quasi-firms’: the invention of the entrepreneurial university. Research Policy, 32(1), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(02)00009-4
Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and „Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00055-4
Gawer, A. (2014). Bridging differing perspectives on technological platforms: Toward an integrative framework. Research Policy, 43(7), 1239–1249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.03.006
Ghazinoory, S., Phillips, F., Afshari-Mofrad, M., & Bigdelou, N. (2021). Innovation lives in ecotones, not ecosystems. Journal of Business Research, 135, 572–580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.06.067
Granstrand, O., & Holgersson, M. (2019). Innovation ecosystems: A conceptual review and a new definition. Technovation, 90–91, 102098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2019.102098
IASP (n.a.). Definitions. https://www.iasp.ws/our-industry/definitions Jacobides, M.G., Cennamo, C., & Gawer, A. (2018).
Towards a theory of ecosystems. Strategic Management Journal, 39(8), 2255–2276. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2904
Khademi, B. (2020). Ecosystem value creation and capture: A systematic review of literature and potential research opportunities. Technology Innovation Management Review, 10(1), 16–34. https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1311
Khayatian, M.S. (2021). Science and technology parks: Missions, functions and roles in high-tech firms operating in emerging countries. AD-minister, 39, 73–96. https://doi.org/10.17230/ad-minister.39.4
Ketonen-Oksi, S., & Valkokari, K. (2019). Innovation ecosystems as structures for Value Co-Creation. Technology Innovation Management Review, 9(2), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1216
Klimas, P., & Czakon, W. (2021). Species in the wild: a typology of innovation ecosystems. Review of Managerial Science, 16(1), 249–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-020-00439-4
Kujala, S., Artto, K., Aaltonen, P., & Turkulainen, V. (2009). Business models in project-based firms – Towards a typology of solution-specific business models. International Journal of Project Management, 28(2), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2009.08.008
Laspia, A., Sansone, G., Landoni, P., Racanelli, D., & Bartezzaghi, E. (2021). The organization of innovation services in science and technology parks: Evidence from a multi-case study analysis in Europe. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121095
Lecluyse, L., Knockaert, M., & Spithoven, A. (2018). The contribution of science parks: a literature review and future research agenda. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 44(2), 559–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-018-09712-x
Leydesdorff, L. (2010). The knowledge‐based economy and the triple helix model. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 44(1), 365–417. https://doi.org/10.1002/aris.2010.1440440116
Lin, C., & Tzeng, G. (2008). A value-created system of science (technology) park by using DEMATEL. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(6), 9683–9697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2008.11.040
Lindgardt, Z., Reeves, M., Stalk, G., Jr, & Deimler, M. (2012). Business model innovation: when the game gets tough, change the game. In Deimler, M., Lesser, R., Rhodes, D., & Sinha, J. (Eds.), Own The Future: 50 Ways to Win (pp. 291–298). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119204084.ch40
Liu, R., & Mannhardt, L. (2019). Design thinking and business model innovation. In 26TH IPDMC: Innovation and Product Development Management Conference (pp. 1-30). Lancaster University Management School.
Loss, L., & Crave, S. (2011). Agile business models: an approach to support collaborative networks. Production Planning & Control, 22(5–6), 571–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2010.536646
Micieta, B., Fusko, M., Binasova, V., & Furmannova, B. (2020). Business model canvas in global enterprises. SHS Web of Conferences, 74, 02010. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207402010
Montoro‐Sánchez, A., Ortiz‐de‐Urbina‐Criado, M., & Mora‐Valentín, E. M. (2011). Effects of knowledge spillovers on innovation and collaboration in science and technology parks. Journal of Knowledge Management, 15(6), 948–970. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271111179307
Oh, D., Phillips, F., Park, S., & Lee, E. (2016). Innovation ecosystems: A critical examination. Technovation, 54, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2016.02.004
Oskam, I., Bossink, B., & De Man, A. (2020). Valuing value in innovation ecosystems: how cross-sector actors overcome tensions in collaborative sustainable business model development. Business & Society, 60(5), 1059–1091. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650320907145
Quin, J., Anderson, P., & Finkelstein, S. (1998). New forms of organizing. In Mintzberg, H., & Quinn, J.B. (Eds.), Readings in the strategic process (pp. 362-374). Prentice Hall.
Ruokolainen, J., & Igel, B. (2021). The elusiveness of business networks – Why do science park firm tenants not collaborate with neighbors? Industrial Marketing Management, 101, 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.11.011
Shafer, S.M., Smith, H.J., & Linder, J.C. (2005). The power of business models. Business Horizons, 48(3), 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2004.10.014
Shi, Y., & Manning, T. (2009). Understanding business models and business model risks. The Journal of Private Equity, 12(2), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.3905/jpe.2009.12.2.049
Thomas, L.D.W., & Ritala, P. (2021). Ecosystem legitimacy emergence: a collective action view. Journal of Management, 48(3), 515–541. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320986617
Tewes, S., Tewes, C., & Jäger, C. (2018). The 9×9 of future business models. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 4(5), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.45.2004
Toth, Cs., Fehervolgyi, B., & Hary, A. (2022). ZalaZONE: is that a complex innovation ecosystem? In Hair, J., Krupka, Z., & Vlašić, G. (Eds.), Global Business Conference Proceedings (pp. 189-202). Innovation Institute. https://gbcsummer.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Proceedings_GBC_2022_NEW.pdf
Trischler, J., Johnson, M., & Kristensson, P. (2020). A service ecosystem perspective on the diffusion of sustainability- oriented user innovations. Journal of Business Research, 116, 552–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.01.011
Weber, M.L., & Hine, M.J. (2015). Who inhabits a business ecosystem? The technospecies as a unifying concept. Technology Innovation Management Review, 5(5), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/896
Wicaksono, A., & Ririh, K.R. (2021). Understanding technological knowledge spillover in a science technology park ecosystem: an ethnographic study.Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 30(3), 559–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/19761597.2021.1920843
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Corvinus University of Budapest, publisher of Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors assign copyright to Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review. Authors are responsible for permission to reproduce copyright material from other sources.
