Rangsoroljunk vagy nem?
A körforgásos gazdaság mérési lehetőségei és azok összehasonlítása az EU-tagországokban
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2021.09.05Keywords:
circular economy, European Union, composite indicator, sustainabilityAbstract
The circular economy, in contrast to the linear one, sees the economy as a sustainable economic system. In this system economic growth is decoupled from resource use by reducing the use of natural resources and recycling them. The aim of this study is to examine the indicators specific to the circular economy for the 28 Member States collected by the European Union with a view to developing composite indicators at Member State level. The achievement of the research goal with the help of secondary data is based on Eurostat’s various databases related to a sub-sector of the circular economy. The study’s research has shown that although it is possible to create a composite indicator for the circular economy that measures all sub-areas, and thus create a ranking that measures the performance of EU Member States, it is also possible to create a ranking that measures the performance of the EU Member States. The composite results of the Member States highlight the fact that Germany, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands are at the top of the rankings, while Hungary is in the middle, in 19th place, but even with the indicator it is not easy to measure the performance and ranking of EU Member States.
Downloads
References
Adviushchenko, A., & Zając, P. (2019). Circular Economy Indicators as a Supporting Tool for European Regional Development Policies. Sustainability, 11(11), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113025
Ait-Kadi, M. (2016). Water for Development and Development for Water: Realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Vision. Aquatic Procedia, 6, 106-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2016.06.013
Amanatidis, G. (2019). Erőforrás-hatékonyság és a körforgásos gazdaság [online]. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ftu/pdf/hu/FTU_2.5.6.pdf
Ardente, F., & Mathieux, F. (2014). Identification and assessment of product’s measure to improve resource efficiency: the case study of an Energy using Product. Journal of Cleaner Production, 83, 125-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.07.058
Bahn-Walkowiak, B., & Steger, S. (2015). Resource targets in Europe and worldwide: an overview. Resources, 4(3), 597-620. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources4030597
Berg, A., Antikainen, R., Hartikainen, E., Kauppi, S., Kautto, P., Lazarevic, D., Piesik, S., & Saikku, L. (2018). Circular Economy for Sustainable Development. Reports of the Finnish Environment Institute, 26, 1-24. https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/251516/SYKEre_26_2018.pdf
BMU (2012). German Resource Efficiency Programme (ProgRess). Programme for the Sustainable Use and Conservation of Natural Resources. Berlin: Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Nukleare Sicherheit. https://www.bmub.bund.de/fileadmin/Daten_BMU/Pools/Broschueren/german_ resource_efficiency_programme_ii_bf.pdf
British Standards Institution (2017). SDS/1/10/0 BS 8001 Framework for Implementing the Principles of the Circular Economy in Organizations [online]. https://www.bsigroup.com/en-GB/standards/benefits-of-usingstandards/becoming-more-sustainable-withstandards/Circular-Economy/
Cîrstea, S. D., Moldovan-Teselios, C., Cîrstea, A., Turcu, A. C., & Pompei Darab, C. (2018). Evaluating Renewable Energy Sustainability by Composite Index. Sustainability, 10(3), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030811
Clube, R. K. M., & Tennant, M. (2020). The Circular Economy and human needs satisfaction: Promising the radical, delivering the familiar. Ecological Economics, 177, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106772
Corona, B., Shen, L., Reike, D., Carreón, J. R., & Worrel, E. (2019). Towards sustainable development through the circular economy – A review and critical assessment on current circularity metrics. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 151, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104498
Costa, I., Massard, G., & Agarwal, A. (2010). Waste management policies for industrial symbiosis development: case studies in European Countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18, 815-822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.05.001
Elia, V., Gnoni, M. G., & Tornese, F. (2017). Measuring circular economy strategies through index methods: A critical analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 2741-2751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.196
EMF. (2019). Circular Economy: School of Thought [online]. https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy/concept/schools-of-thought
Európai Bizottság. (2020). A Bizottság közleménye az Európai Parlamentnek, a Tanácsnak, az Európai Gazdasági és Szociális Bizottságnak és a Régiók Bizottságának. A tisztább és versenyképesebb Európát szolgáló, körforgásos gazdaságra vonatkozó új cselekvési terv. https://op.europa.eu/hu/publication-detail/-/publication/9903b325-6388-11ea-b735-01aa75ed71a1/language-hu/format-PDF
European Commission. (2015). Closing the Loop – an EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy. Communication COM (2015) 614/2. Brussels: European Commission. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52015DC0614
European Commission (2017). The EU Environmental Implementation Review Country Report – Germany (SWD (2017) 44 final). Brussels: European Commission.
European Commission (2019). Report From the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the Implementation of the Circular Economy Action Plan. Brussels: European Commission.
Figge, F., Young, W., & Barkemeyer, R. (2014). Sufficiency or efficiency to achieve lower consumption and emissions? The role of rebound effect. Journal of Cleaner Production, 69, 216-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.031
Fogarassy, Cs., & Horváth, B. (2018). A körkörös gazdaság értelmezése. Lépések a fenntarthatóság felé, 23(2), 4-5.
Garcia-Bernabeu, A., Hilario-Caballero, A., Pla-Santamaria, D., & Salas-Molina, F. (2020). A Process Oriented MCDM Approach to Construct a Circular Economy Composite Index. Sustainability, 12(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020618
García-Barragán, J. F., Eyckmans, J., & Rousseau, S. (2019). Defining and Measuring the Circular Economy: A Mathematical Approach. Ecological Economics, 157, 369-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.12.003
Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N., & Hultink, E. J. (2017). The circular economy – a new sustainability paradigm. Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757-768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jclepro.2016.12.048
Ghisellini, P., Cialani, C., & Ulgiati, S. (2016). A review on circular economy: the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 11-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.007
Giannakitsidou, O., Giannikos, I., & Chondrou, A. (2020). Ranking European countries on the basis of their environmental and circular economy performance: A DEA application in MSW. Waste Management, 109, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.055
Giurco, D., Littleboy, A., Boyle, T., Fyfe, J., & White, S. (2014). Circular economy: questions for responsible minerals, additive manufacturing and recycling of metals. Resources, 3, 432-453. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources3020432
Haas, W., Krausmann, F., Wiedenhofer, D., & Heinz, M. (2015). How circular is the global economy?: An Assessment of Material Flows, Waste Production, and Recycling in the European Union and the World in 2005. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 19(5), 765-777. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12244
Halstenberg, F. A., Lindow, K., & Stark, R. (2017). Utilization of product lifecycle data from PLM systems in platforms for industrial symbiosis. Procedia Manufacturing, 8, 369-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.044
HM Government (2018). Our Waste, Our Resources: A Strategy for England. London: DEFRA.
Horváth, B. (2019). Körforgásos gazdasági modellek és hatékonyságuk mérése (Doktori disszertáció). Szent István Egyetem, Gödöllő. https://szie.hu/sites/default/files/horvath_balint_ertekezes.pdf
Hudrliková, L. (2013). Composite indicators as a useful tool for international comparison: The Europe 2020 Example. Prague Economic Papers, 4, 459-473. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.462
Janik, A., & Ryszko, A. (2019). Circular economy in companies: an analysis of selected indicators from a managerial perspective. Mape, 2(1) 523-535. https://doi.org/10.2478/mape-2019-0053
Kirchherr, J., Reike, D., & Hekkert, M. (2017). Conceptualizing the circular economy: an analysis of 114 definitions. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 127, 221-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.005
Korhonen, J., Honkasalo, A., & Seppälä, J. (2018). Circular Economy: the concept and its limitations. Ecological Economics, 143, 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.06.041
Kristensen, H. S., & Mosgaard, M. A. (2020). A review of micro level indicators for a circular economy – moving away from the three dimensions of sustainability? Journal of Cleaner Production, 243, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118531
Lemke, C., & Bastini, K. (2020). Embracing multiple perspectives of sustainable development in a composite measure: The Multilevel Sustainable Development Index. Journal of Cleaner Production, 246, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118884
Li, T., Zhang, H-C., & Liu, Z-C. (2012). A PCA-based method for construction of composite sustainability indicators. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 17(5), 593-603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0394-y
Lieder, M., & Rashid, A., (2016). Towards circular economy implementation: a comprehensive review in context of manufacturing industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 115, 36-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.042
Linder, M., Sarasini, S. & van Loon, P. (2017). A metric for quantifying product-level circularity. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 21, 545-558. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12552
Magyarországi Üzleti Tanács a Fenntartható Fejlődésért (2019). Körforgásban az üzlet. Jelentés a körforgásos gazdaság magyarországi helyzetéről. Budapest: Magyarországi Üzleti Tanács a Fenntartható Fejlődésért. https://bcsdh.hu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/KorforgasosGazdasagPlatform_2019_HUN_final_final.pdf
Marino, A., & Pariso, P. (2020). Comparing European countries’ performances in the transition towards the Circular Economy. Science of the Total Environment, 729, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138142
Mathews, J. A., & Tan, H. (2016). Circular economy: lessons from China. Nature, 531, 440-442. https://doi.org/10.1038/531440a
Mayer, A., Haas, W., Wiedenhofer, D., Krausmann, F., Nuss, P., & Blengini, G. A. (2018). Measuring Progress towards a Circular Economy: A Monitoring Framework for Economy-wide Material Loop Closing in the EU28. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 23(1), 62-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12809
Merli, R., Preziosi, M., & Acampora, A. (2018). How do scholars approach the circular economy? A systematic literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 178, 703-722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.112
Molnár, T. (2018). Társadalmi, gazdasági struktúrák regionális jellemzői: Társadalmi, gazdasági struktúrák regionális jellemzői a Nyugat-Dunántúlon. Chisinau: OmniScriptum Scriptum – GlobeEdit.
Momete, D. C. (2020). A unified framework for assessing the readiness of European Union economies to migrate to a circular modelling. Science of the Total Environment, 718, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137375
Morseletto, P. (2020). Targets for a circular economy. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 153, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104553
Nardo, M., Saisana, M., Saltelli, A., & Tarantola, S. (2005). Tools for Composite Indicators Building. Ispra: Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Econometrics and Statistical Support to Antifraud Unit.
Nemes, Zs. (2018). Körkörös gazdasági modell, ipari parkok és ipari ökoszisztémák: Székesfehérvár esettanulmánya. Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Budapest. http://unipub.lib.uni-corvinus.hu/4104/1/Korkoros_EFOP_NZs.pdf
Ngan, S. L., How, B. S., Teng, S. Y., Promentilla, M. A. B., Yatim, P., Choy Er, A., & Lam, H. L. (2019). Priorization of sustainability indicators for promoting the circular economy: The case of developing countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 111, 314-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.05.001
Niskanen, J., Anshelm, J., & McLaren, D. (2020). Local conflicts and national consensus: The strange case of circular economy in Sweden. Journal of Cleaner Production, 261, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121117
Parchomenko, A., Nelen, D., Gillabel, J., & Rechberger, H. (2019). Measuring the circular economy – A Multiple Correspondence Analysis of 63 metrics. Journal of Cleaner Production, 210, 200-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.357
Pearce, D. W., & Turner, R. K. (1990). Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
Pla-Julián, I., & Guevara, S. (2019). Is circular economy the key to transitioning towards sustainable development? Challenges from the perspective of care ethics. Futures, 105, 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.09.001
Pollesch, N., & Dale, V. H. (2015). Applications of aggregation theory to sustainability assessment. Ecological Economics, 114, 117-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.03.011
Pomázi, I., & Szabó, E. (2018). A körforgásos gazdaságra való áttérés folyamatának egyes jellemzői a visegrádi országokban. Külügyi Szemle, 17(4), 80-102. https://kki.hu/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/5-Pom%C3%A1zi-Szab%C3%B3.pdf
Pomázi, I., & Szabó, E. (2019). A körforgásos gazdaság az Európai Unióban, Franciaországban és Németországban. Magyar Tudomány, 180(8), 1199-1212. https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.180.2019.8.10
Potting, J., Hekkert, M., Worrell, E. & Hanemaaijer, A. (2017). Circular Economy: Measuring Innovation in the Product Chain – Policy Report. Hague: PBL Netherlands Environment Assessment Agency. http:// www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/cms/publicaties/pbl-2016-circular-economy-measuring-innovation-in-product-chains-2544.pdf
Régiók Európai Bizottsága (2019). Kék gazdaság az európai régiókban: a fenntartható növekedés és a munkahelyteremtés kapuja. Brüsszel: Régiók Európai Bizottsága. https://cor.europa.eu/hu/news/Pages/blue-economy-in-european-regions-a-gateway-to-sustainable-growth-and-jobs.aspx
Rincón-Moreno, J., Ormazabál, M., Álvarez, M. J., & Jaca, C. (2021). Advancing circular economy performance indicators and their application in Spanish companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123605
Robaina, M., Murillo, K., Rocha, E., & Villar, J. (2020). Circular economy in plastic waste – Efficiency analysis of European countries. Science of the Total Environment, 730, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139038
Saidani, M., Yannou, B., Leroy, Y., Cluzel, F., & Kendall, A. (2019). A taxonomy of circular economy indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production, 207, 542-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.014
Salvati, L., & Carlucci, M. (2014). A composite index of sustainable development at the local scale: Italy as a case study. Ecological Indicators, 43, 162-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.02.021
Santeramo, F. G. (2016). Methodological challenges in building composite indexes: Linking theory to practice. Pennsylvania: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0714-7.ch006
Sauvé, S., Bernard, S., & Sloan, P. (2016). Environmental sciences, sustainable development and circular economy: Alternative concepts for trans-disciplinary research. Environmental Development, 17, 48-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2015.09.002
Schroeder, P., Anggraeni, K., & Weber, U. (2019). The relevance of circular economy practices to the sustainable development goals. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 23(1), 435-438. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12732
Singh, R. K., Murty, H. R., & Dikshit, A. K. (2007). Development of composite sustainability performance index for steel industry. Ecological Indicators, 7(3), 565-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.06.004
Škinjarić, T. (2020). Empirical assessment of the circular economy of selected European Countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 255, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120246
Smol, M., Kulczycka, J., & Avdiushchenko, A. (2017). Circulary economy indicators in relation to eco-innovation in European Regions. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 19, 669-678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1323-8
Stahel, W. R. (2016). Circular Economy. Nature, 531, 435-438. https://www.nature.com/articles/531435a
Su, B., Heshmati, A., Geng, Y., & Yu, X. (2013). A review of the circular economy in China: Moving from rhetoric to implementation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 42, 215-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.020
Szabó, A. (2019). Körforgásos gazdaság. In Infokörkép (pp. 36-37). Budapest: Országgyűlés Hivatala. https://www.parlament.hu/documents/10181/1828247/Infokorkep_Fenntarthato_fejlodes_mezogazdasag.pdf/968bce46-84fe-4ba0-f93a-79225064c7de
Szennay, Á., & Szigeti, C. (2019). A fenntartható fejlődési célok és a GRI szerinti jelentéstétel kapcsolatának elemzése. Vezetéstudomány, 50(4), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2019.04.04
The Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2013). Towards the Circular Economy: Economic and Business Rationale for Accelerated Transition. Cowes: The Ellen MacArthur Foundation.
Tseng, M.-L., Chiu, A. S. F., Liu, G., & Jantaralolica, T. (2020). Circular economy enables sustainable consumption and production in multi-level supply chain system. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 154, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104601
Tóthné Szita, K., S. Gubik, A., & Bartha, Z. (2017). A körforgásos gazdaságban rejlő lehetőségek a KKV-k számára. In Györkő, D., Kleschné Csapi, V., & Bedő, Zs. (Eds.), ICUBERD Book of Papers (pp. 560-572). Pécs: University of Pécs.
UK Government (2011). Enabling the Transition to a Green Economy: Government and Business Working Together [online]. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&type=400&nr=187&menu=1515
Valkó, G., Kovács, I., & Farkasné Fekete, M. (2018). A fenntartható mezőgazdaság kompozit indikátorai. Statisztikai Szemle, 96(8-9), 862-891.
Vanhamäki, S., Virtanen, M., Luste, S., & Manskinen, K. (2020). Transition towards a circular economy at a regional level: A case study on closing biological loops. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 156, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104716
Wang, P., Kara, S., & Hauschild, M. Z. (2018). Role of manufacturing towards achieving circular economy: the steel case. CIRP Annals, 67(1), 21-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2018.04.049
Washington, H. (2015). Demystifying Sustainability: Towards Real Solutions. London: Routledge.
Weng, Z., & Meng, X. (2014). Quantitative assessment of industrial symbiosis for the promotion of circular economy: a case study of the printed circuit boardsindustry in China’s Suzhou New District. Journal of Cleaner Production, 90, 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.041
Winans, K., Kendall, A., & Deng, H. (2017). The history and current applications of the circular economy concept. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68(1), 825-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.123
Zhu, D. J., & Qiu, S. F. (2007). Analytical tool for urban circular economy planning and its preliminary application: a case of Shanghai. City Planning Review, 31(3), 64-69.
Zhou, P., Ang, B. W., & Poh, K. L. (2007). A mathematical programming approach to constructing composite indicators. Ecological Economics, 62, 291-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.12.020
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors assign copyright to Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review. Authors are responsible for permission to reproduce copyright material from other sources.