A környezettudatos fogyasztói magatartás turisztikai aspektusai
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14267/TURBULL.2023v23n1.2Kulcsszavak:
környezettudatos fogyasztói magatartás, fenntartható turizmus, környezettudatos turisztikai viselkedésAbsztrakt
A környezettudatosság és az egyéni cselekedetek környezeti hatásai napjaink egyre égetőbb kérdései. A turizmus környezeti fenntarthatósága – az ágazat jellegénél fogva – vitatott kérdés, a jellemző megközelítés alapján azonban normatív orientációként jelenhet meg, amelynek szükségessége mind a szolgáltatói, mind a fogyasztói oldalon meg kell mutatkozzon. Jelen cikk szakirodalmi áttekintést nyújt a környezettudatos turisztikai fogyasztói magatartást fókuszba állító kutatások eredményeiről, és bemutatja az arra ható legfontosabb egyéni és egyénen kívüli tényezőket. Az eredmények rendszerbe foglalásával a cikk aktuális kutatási irányokat jelöl ki: a környezettudatos turisztikai magatartás szereplők általi értelmezésének, illetve a társadalmi normák és a kulturális környezet hatásának vizsgálata további lehetőségeket tartogat.
Hivatkozások
ABDULLAH, S. I. N. W. – SAMDIN, Z. – HO, J. A. – NG, S. I. (2020): Sustainability of marine parks: Is knowledge–attitude–behaviour still relevant? Environment, Development and Sustainability. 22(8). pp. 7357–7384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00524-z
ADRITA, U. W. – MOHIUDDIN, M. F. (2020): Impact of opportunity and ability to translate environmental attitude into ecologically conscious consumer behavior. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice. 28(2). pp. 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2020.1716629
AJZEN, I. – FISHBEIN, M. (1980): Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
AJZEN, I. (1991): The theory of planned behavior. Organisational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 50(2). pp. 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
ANABLE, J. – GATERSLEBEN, B. (2005): All work and no play? The role of instrumental and affective factors in work and leisure journeys by different travel modes. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 39(2-3). pp. 163–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2004.09.008
ANTIMOVA, R. – NAWIJN, J. – PEETERS, P. (2012): The awareness/attitude-gap insustainable tourism: A theoretical perspective. Tourism Review. 67(3). pp. 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/16605371211259795
BABAKHANI, N. – RANDLE, M. – DOLNICAR, S. (2020): Do tourists notice social responsibility information? Current Issues in Tourism. 23(5). pp. 559–571. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1561653
BAMBERG, S. – HUNECKE, M. – BLÖBAUM, A. (2007): Social context, personal norms and the use of public transportation: Two field studies. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 27(3). pp. 190–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.04.001
BARGEMAN, B. – RICHARDS, G. (2020): A new approach to understanding tourism practices. Annals of Tourism Research. 84. 102988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102988
BARR, S. – PRILLWITZ, J. (2014): A Smarter Choice? Exploring the Behaviour Change Agenda for Environmentally Sustainable Mobility. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. 32(1). pp. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1068/c120
BARR, S. – SHAW, G. – COLES, T. – PRILLWITZ, J. (2010): A holiday is a holiday: Practicing sustainability, home and away. Journal of Transport Geography. 18. pp. 474–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2009.08.007
BECKEN, S. (2007): Tourists’ Perception of International Air Travel’s Impact on the Global Climate and Potential Climate Change Policies. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 15(4). pp. 351–368. https://doi.org/10.2167/jost710.0
BERGIN-SEERS, S. – MAIR, J. (2009): Emerging Green Tourists in Australia: Their Behaviours and Attitudes. Tourism and Hospitality Research. 9(2). pp. 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1057/thr.2009.5
BERNINI, C. – EMILI, S. – VICI, L. (2021): Are mass tourists sensitive to sustainability? Tourism Economics. 27(7). pp. 1375–1397. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620923212
BHASKARA, G. I. – FILIMONAU, V. (2021): The COVID-19 pandemic and organisational learning for disaster planning and management: A perspective of tourism businesses from a destination prone to consecutive disasters. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. 46(6). pp. 364–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.01.011
BUDEANU, A. (2007): Sustainable tourist behaviour – a discussion of opportunities for change. International Journal of Consumer Studies. 31(5). pp. 499–508. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2007.00606.x
BURGESS, J. – HARRISON, C. – FILIUS, P. (1998): Environmental communication and the cultural politics of environmental citizenship. Environment and Planning A. 30(8). pp. 1455–1460. https://doi.org/10.1068/a301445
CIALDINI, R. B. – TROST, M. R. (1998): Social Influence: Social Norms, Conformity and Compliance. In: Gilbert, D. T. – Fiske, S. T. – Lindzey, G. (eds): Handbook of Social Psychology. McGraw-Hill, Boston. pp. 151–92.
CONCARI, A. – KOK, G. – MARTENS, P. (2020). A systematic literature review of concepts and factors related to pro-environmental consumer behaviour in relation to waste management through an interdisciplinary approach. Sustainability. 12(11). 4452. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114452
CONFENTE, I. – SCARPI, D. (2021): Achieving environmentally responsible behavior for tourists and residents: A norm activation theory perspective. Journal of Travel Research. 60(6). pp. 1196–1212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520938875
CSEPELI GY. (1997): Szociálpszichológia. Osiris Kiadó, Budapest.
CSUTORA, M. (2012): One More Awareness Gap? The Behaviour–Impact Gap Problem. Journal of Consumer Policy. 35. pp. 145–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-012-9187-8
DEBBAGE, K. G. – DEBBAGE, N. (2019): Aviation carbon emissions, route choice and tourist destinations: Are non-stop routes a remedy? Annals of Tourism Research. 79. 102765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.102765
DORAN, R. – LARSEN, S. (2016): The Relative Importance of Social and Personal Norms in Explaining Intentions to Choose Eco-Friendly Travel Options. International Journal of Tourism Research. 18(2). pp. 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2042
FARMER, J. – KNAPP, D. – BENTON, G. M. (2007): An Elementary School Environmental Education Field Trip: Long-Term Effects on Ecological and Environmental Knowledge and Attitude Development. The Journal ofEnvironmental Education. 38(3). pp. 33–42. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOEE.38.3.33-42
FENITRA, R. M. – TANTI, H. – GANCAR, C. P. – INDRIANAWATI, U. (2021): Understanding younger tourist’ intention toward environmentally responsible behavior. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites. 36(2spl). pp. 646– 653. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.362spl12-694
FESTINGER, L. (1957): A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
FILIMONAU, V. – MATUTE, J. – MIKA, M. – FARACIK, R. (2018): National culture as a driver of pro-environmental attitudes and behavioural intentions in tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 26(10). pp. 1804–1825. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1511722
GOLDSTEIN, N. J. – CIALDINI, R. B. – GRISKEVICIUS, V. (2008): A room with a viewpoint: Using social norms to motivate environmental conservation in hotels. Journal of consumer Research. 35(3). pp. 472–482. https://doi.org/10.1086/586910
GONDA T. – RAFFAY Z. (2021): Környezettudatosak-e a hazai turisták? Turizmus Bulletin. 21(2). pp. 4–14. https://doi.org/10.14267/TURBULL.2021v21n2.1
GÖSSLING, S. (2012): Climate policy and tourism. In: Holden, A. – Fennell, D. (eds): The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and the Environment. Routledge, New York. pp. 421–434.
GÖSSLING, S. (2020): Risks, resilience, and pathways to sustainable aviation: A COVID-19 perspective. Journal of Air Transport Management. 89. 101933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101933
HAN, H. – HWANG, J. – KIM, J. – JUNG, H. (2015): Guests’ pro-environmental decision-making process: Broadening the norm activation framework in a lodging context. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 47. pp. 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.03.013
HAN, H. – YU, J. – KOO, B. – KIM, W. (2019): Vacationers’ norm-based behavior in developing environmentally sustainable cruise tourism. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism. 20(1). pp. 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2018.1483287
HAN, H. (2021): Consumer behavior and environmental sustainability in tourism and hospitality: a review of theories, concepts, and latest research. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 29(7). pp. 1021–1042. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1903019
HARGREAVES, T. (2011): Practice-ing behaviour change: Applying social practice theory to proenvironmental behaviour change. Journal of Consumer Culture. 11(1). pp. 79–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540510390500
HIGGINS-DESBIOLLES, F. – CARNICELLI, S. – KROLIKOWSKI, C. – WIJESINGHE, G. – BOLUK, K. (2019): Degrowing tourism: rethinking tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 27(12). pp. 1926–1944. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1601732
HIGHAM, J. – COHEN, S. A. – CAVALIERE, C. T. – REIS, A. – FINKLER, W. (2016): Climate change, tourist air travel and radical emissions reduction. Journal of Cleaner Production. 111. pp. 336–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.100
HINES, J. M. – HUNGERFORD, H. R. – TOMERA, A. N. (1986): Analysis and synthesis of research on responsible pro-environmental behavior: a meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Education. 18(2). pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1987.9943482
JACKSON, T. (2005): Motivating sustainable consumption: A review of evidence on consumer behaviour and behavioural change, Report to the Sustainable Development Research Network. Policy Studies Institute, London.
JUVAN, E. – DOLNICAR, S. (2014): The Attitude- Behaviour Gap in Sustainable Tourism. Annals
of Tourism Research. 48. pp. 76–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.05.012
JUVAN, E. – DOLNICAR, S. (2017): Drivers of pro-environmental tourist behaviours are not universal. Journal of Cleaner Production. 166. pp. 879–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.087
KALS, E. – SCHUMACHER, D. – MONTADA, L. (1999): Emotional Affinity toward Nature as a Motivational Basis to Protect Nature. Environment and Behavior. 31(2), pp. 178–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139169921972056
KASZA-KELEMEN K. (2015): Fenntartható fogyasztás a turizmusban? A helykötődés és környezettudatos viselkedés összefüggései a nemzeti parkokban. Doktori (PhD) értekezés. Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Budapest.
KOLLMUSS, A. – AGYEMAN, J. (2002): Mind the Gap: why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behaviour? Environmental Education Research. 8(3). pp. 239–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620220145401
KURISU, K. (2015): Pro-environmental Behaviors. Springer, Tokyo.
LANDON, A. C. – WOOSNAM, K. M. – BOLEY, B. B. (2018): Modeling the psychological antecedents to tourists’ pro-sustainable behaviors: an application of the value-beliefnorm model. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 26(6). pp. 957–972. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1423320
LENZEN, M. – SUN, Y. Y. – FATURAY, F. – TING, Y. P. – GESCHKE, A. – MALIK, A. (2018): The carbon footprint of global tourism. Nature Climate Change. 8(6). pp. 522–528. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0141-x
LUKÁCS R. – TÜTÜNKOV HRISZTOV J. – GROTTE J. (2022): A hazai generációk, különös tekintettel a digitális bennszülöttek szállodaválasztási szokásai a fenntarthatóság és a digitalizáció mentén. Turizmus Bulletin. 22(1). pp. 26–37. https://doi.org/10.14267/TURBULL.2022v22n1.3
MELNYK, V. – CARRILLAT, F. A. – MELNYK, V. (2022): The Influence of Social Norms on Consumer Behavior: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Marketing. 86(3). pp. 98–120. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000352
MENG, B. – CHOI, K. (2016): Extending the theory of planned behaviour: testing the effects of authentic perception and environmental concerns on the slow-tourist decision-making process. Current Issues in Tourism. 19(6). pp. 528–544. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1020773
MICHALKÓ G. (2003): A fenntartható fejlődés ökoturisztikai aspektusai Magyarországon. Turizmus Bulletin. 7(4). pp. 13–21.
MKONO, M. – HUGHES, K. (2020): Eco-guilt and eco-shame in tourism consumption contexts: understanding the triggers and responses. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 28(8). pp. 1223–1244. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1730388
NAGY SZ. (2018): A környezettudatos cselekvések elemzése. Vezetéstudomány. 49(10-11). pp. 45–55. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2018.10.04
NÉMETH K. – CZIRA T. – SÜTŐ A. – DOMJÁNNÉ NYIZSALOVSZKI R. – PÉTER E. (2020): Melegszik a helyzet? A klímaváltozás hatásai három hazai turisztikai desztináció példáján. Turizmus Bulletin. 20(4). pp. 28–37. https://doi.org/10.14267/TURBULL.2020v20n5.3
NIKOLIĆ, T. M. – PANTIĆ, S. P. – PAUNOVIĆ, I. – FILIPOVIĆ, S. (2021): Sustainable Travel Decision-Making of Europeans: Insights from a Household Survey. Sustainability. 13(4), pp. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041960
PASSAFARO, P. (2020): Attitudes and Tourists’ Sustainable Behavior: An Overview of the Literature and Discussion of Some Theoretical and Methodological Issues. Journal of Travel Research. 59(4). pp. 579–601. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519851171
RAMKISSOON, H. – WEILER, B. – SMITH, L. D. G. (2012): Place attachment and proenvironmental behaviour in national parks: The development of a conceptual framework. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 20(2). pp. 257–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.602194
REESE, G. – LOEW, K. – STEFFGEN, G. (2014): A Towel Less: Social Norms Enhance Proenvironmental Behavior in Hotels. The Journal of Social Psychology. 154(2). pp. 97–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2013.855623
RUIZ, I. – FARIA, S. H. – NEUMANN, M. B. (2020): Climate change perception: Driving forces and their interactions. Environmental Science & Policy. 108. pp. 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.03.020
SCHWARTZ, S. H. (1977): Normative influence on altruism. In: Berkowitz, L. (ed): Advances in experimental social psychology. Academic Press, New York. pp. 221–279.
SCOTT, D. – HALL, C. M. – GÖSSLING, S. (2019): Global tourism vulnerability to climate change. Annals of Tourism Research. 77. pp. 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.05.007
SHARPLEY, R. (2000): Tourism and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Theoretical Divide. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 8. pp. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580008667346
SIRAKAYA, E. – WOODSIDE, A. G. (2005): Building and testing theories of decision making bytravellers. Tourism Management. 26(6). pp. 815–832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.05.004
SORENSEN, F. – BARENHOLDT, J. O. (2020): Tourist practices in the circular economy. Annals of Tourism Research. 85(1). 103027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103027
STERN, P. C. – DIETZ, T. – ABEL, T. – GUAGNANO, G. A. – KALOF, L. (1999): A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmentalism. Research in Human Ecology. 6(2). pp. 81–97.
THOGERSEN, J. (2009): The Motivational Roots of Norms for Environmentally Responsible Behavior. Basic and Applied Social Psychology. 31(4). pp. 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973530903317144
VAN RIPER, C. J. – KYLE, G. T. (2014): Understanding the internal processes of behavioral engagement in a national park: A latent variable path analysis of the valuebelief-norm theory. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 38. pp. 288–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.03.002
VERBEEK, D. – MOMMAAS, H. (2008): Transitions to Sustainable Tourism Mobility: The Social Practices Approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 16(6). pp. 629–644.
VERMA, V. K. – CHANDRA, B. (2018): An application of theory of planned behavior to predict young Indian consumers’ green hotel visit intentio. Journal of Cleaner Production. 172. pp. 1152–1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.047
WU, Z. – CHEN, Y. – GENG, L. – ZHOU, L. – ZHOU, K. (2020): Greening in nostalgia? How nostalgic traveling enhances tourists’ proenvironmental behaviour. Sustainable Development. 28(4). pp. 634–645. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2014
ZHAO, X. – WANG, X. – JI, L. (2020): Evaluating the effect of anticipated emotion on forming environmentally responsible behavior in heritage tourism: developing an extended model of norm activation theory. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 25(11). pp. 1185–1198. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2020.1837892
ZSÓKA, Á. – MARJAINÉ SZERÉNYI, ZS. – SZÉCHY, A. – KOCSIS, T. (2013): Greening due to environmental education? Environmental knowledge, attitudes, consumer behavior and everyday pro-environmental activities of Hungarian high school and university students. Journal of Cleaner Production. 48. pp. 126–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.030
Internetes források
BOOKING (2021): Sustainable Travel Report 2021. https://globalnews.booking.com/download/1037578/booking.comsustainabletravelreport2021.pdf, Letöltve: 2022. április 23.
UNWTO (2020a): World Tourism Barometer. No.18, January 2020. https://webunwto.s3.euwest-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-01/
UNWTO_Barom20_01_January_excerpt_0.pdf, Letöltve: 2020. április 5.
UNWTO (2020b): UNWTO highlights potential of domestic tourism to help drive economic recovery in destinations worldwide. https://www.unwto.org/news/unwto-highl ights-potential-ofdomestic-tourism-to-help-drive-economicrecovery-in-destinations-worldwide, Letöltve: 2021. június 19.
UNWTO (2022a): World Tourism Barometer and Statistical Annex. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/wtobarometereng.2022.20.1.2, Letöltve: 2022. október 19.
UNWTO (2022b): Tourism Trends 2022. https://www.unwto-tourismacademy.ie.edu/2021/08/tourism-trends-2022, Letöltve: 2022. augusztus 19.