On the way to strategic planning for tourism in Szeklerland

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14267/TURBULL.2026v26n2.5

Keywords:

Szeklerland, tourism strategy, ethnic minority tourism, destination management, place branding, Transylvania

Abstract

This paper interprets the professionalization of the tourism market in Szeklerland not only as a question 
of product development or marketing, but also as a historical, legal and strategic planning challenge. The 
argument starts from the fact that Szeklerland is a culturally and historically strong, yet administratively 
non-recognized symbolic-informal region. Consequently, its tourism representation is simultaneously 
a market-related, institutional and political issue. Based on tourism strategy, destination governance, 
place branding and ethnic minority tourism literature, the paper argues that tourism may become 
an instrument of visibility, self-representation and economic self-organization for minority regions 
embedded in majority national environment. Relying on Romanian statistical data and the systematic 
mapping of online tourism attractions, the study concludes that Szeklerland has considerable tourism 
resources, but its competitiveness is constrained by the lack of formal regional recognition, institutional 
fragmentation, weak cooperation networks and the absence of a shared meta-narrative. The paper 
outlines the foundations of an identity-sensitive, multi-level and network-based tourism strategy.

References

BAGGIO, R. – SCOTT, N. – COOPER, C. (2010): Network science: A review focused on tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 37(3). pp. 802–827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2010.02.008

DIMAGGIO, P. J. – POWELL, W. (1983): The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review. 48.(2). pp. 147–160.

DONABEDIAN, B. (1995): Self-Regulation and the Enforcement of Professional Codes. Public Choice. 85(1–2). pp. 107–118. https://doi. org/10.1007/BF01047905

DWYER, L. – KIM, C. (2003): Destination competitiveness: Determinants and indicators. Current Issues in Tourism. 6(5). pp. 369–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500308667962

FORMÁDI K. (2009): Professzionalizáció új iránya a turizmus szektorban. PhD-értekezés. Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Budapest. http://phd.lib. uni-corvinus.hu/532/1/formadi_katalin.pdf

HALL, C. M. (2011): A typology of governance and its implications for tourism policy analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 19(4-5). pp. 437 457. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.5703 46

HARDI, T. – KUPI, M. – OCSKAY, G. – SZEMERÉDI, E. (2021): Examining cross-border cultural tourism as an indicator of territorial integration across the Slovak–Hungarian border. Sustainability. 13(13). 7225. https://doi. org/10.3390/su13137225

HAUGLAND, S. A. – NESS, H. – GRONSETH, B.-O. – AARSTAD, J. (2011): Development of tourism destinations: An integrated multilevel perspective. Annals of Tourism Research. 38(1). pp. 268-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. annals.2010.08.008

HORVÁTH A. (2010): Az etnicitás dilemmája a Székelyföld turizmusfejlesztésében. Tér és Társadalom. 24(3). pp. 149–166.

HORVÁTH A. – MICHALKÓ G. (2014): Az etnicitás turizmusföldrajzi értelmezése erdélyi példákon keresztül. Földrajzi Közlemények. 138(2). pp. 150–160.

JAMAL, T. B. – GETZ, D. (1995): Collaboration theory and community tourism planning. Annals of Tourism Research. 22(1). pp. 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)00067-3

KAVARATZIS, M. – HATCH, M. J. (2013): The dynamics of place brands: An identity based approach to place branding theory. Marketing Theory. 13(1). pp. 69–86. https://doi. org/10.1177/1470593112467268

MICHALKÓ G. (2023): A jó hely – egy turizmusorientált koncepcióvázlat. Tér és Társadalom. 37(4). pp. 30–50. https://doi. org/10.17649/TET.37.4.3519

NAGY B. (2013): A turisztikai helymarketing a Székelyföldön. Az imázs- és márkahasználat tudományos megalapozása. Nemzeti Kisebb ségkutató Intézet, Kolozsvár.

PUSZTAI, B. (2024): The Use of National Minority Culture in Tourism Development. Ethnographica et Folkloristica Carpathica. 26. pp. 7–25. https:// doi.org/10.47516/ethnographica/26/2024/15045

RITCHIE, J. R. B. – CROUCH, G. I. (2003): The Competitive Destination: A Sustainable Tourism Perspective. CABI, Wallingford.

RUHANEN, L. (2009): Stakeholder participation in tourism destination planning: Another case of missing the point? Tourism Recreation Research. 34(3). pp. 283–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/0250 8281.2009.11081603

SAUTTER, E. T. – LEISEN, B. (1999): Managing stakeholders: A tourism planning model. Annals of Tourism Research. 26(2). pp. 312–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00097-8

SEBREK, S. S. – GARRIDO, B. P. – MICHALKÓ, G. (2024): Why are unfavorable signs of overtourism ignored by urban politics? An attention-based explanation of no intervention. Tourism Planning & Development. 21(6). pp. 703 711. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2151 503

SZILÁGYI, F. – HORVÁTH, A. (2025): The Problem of Territoriality in Tourism in Romania. Turisztikai és Vidékfejlesztési Tanulmányok. 10(2). pp. 100–125. doi: 10.15170/TVT.2025.10.02.06

TIAN, B. – STOFFELEN, A. – VANCLAY, F. (2024): Understanding resilience in ethnic tourism communities: The experiences of Miao villages in Hunan Province, China. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 32(7). pp. 1433–1452. https://doi.org/10. 1080/09669582.2023.2239525

TÓTH-BATIZÁN E. (2024): A székelyföldi turizmusipar professzionalizációs lehetőségei. Komparatív elemzés: Székelyföld, Dél-Tirol és Balaton. Turisztikai és Vidékfejlesztési Tanulmányok. 9(2). pp. 25–39. doi: 10.15170/ TVT.2024.09.02.02

TÓTH-BATIZÁN E. (2020): A turisztikai piac szerkezete és etnikai sajátosságai Székelyföldön. Doktori értekezés. Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Budapest TŐZSÉR A. (2025): Torockó falusi turizmu sának bemutatása. Turizmus Bulletin. 25(4). pp. 55–63. https://doi.org/10.14267/TURBULL. 2025v25n4.6

VOLGGER, M. – PECHLANER, H. (2014): Requirements for destination management organizations in destination governance: Understanding DMO success. Tourism Management. 41. pp. 64–75. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.09.001

YANG, L. – WALL, G. – SMITH, S. L. J. (2008): Ethnic tourism development: Chinese government perspectives. Annals of Tourism Research. 35(3). pp. 751–771. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.annals.2008.06.005

YUSUPOVA, G. – PFOSER, A. (2023): Tourism, memory production and contested ethnic hierarchies in post-Soviet Almaty. Europe-Asia Studies. 75(3). pp. 491–508. https://doi.org/10.10 80/09668136.2021.1964437

Published

2026-06-24

Issue

Section

Research papers

How to Cite

Tóth-Batizán, E., & Tóth-Batizán, G. (2026). On the way to strategic planning for tourism in Szeklerland. Turizmus Bulletin, 26(2), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.14267/TURBULL.2026v26n2.5