The Symbolic Significance of Digital Services Tax and its Practical Consequences

Authors

  • Csaba Balázs Rigó Hungarian Competition Authority
  • András Tóth Károli Gáspár Reformed University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35551/PFQ_2020_4_5

Keywords:

digital services tax, data, hegemony, global digital companies, H26, K20, K21, K34

Abstract

Global companies providing digital services utilise the public services of the countries from which they derive their revenue generating datasets. Despite this, they do not necessarily contribute to supporting public burden in these countries. The present study aims to demonstrate the importance of digital services taxation not only in terms of increasing tax revenue, but also in terms of symbolic significance. It is argued that global digital companies should provide a fair contribution, in the form of a percentage of the revenue generated from the use of citizens’ data, to those countries from which these data are derived. In other words, states should also receive a fair share of the exploitation of what can be considered as the “new oil”, namely data. After analysing the political and legal environment and reviewing theories of state philosophy, the authors conclude that the success of joint action at EU level on this symbolic issue is highly questionable and therefore action at level of individual Member States may be needed.

References

Boutin, X., Clemens, G. (2017). Defining „Big Data” in Antirtust. CPI: Antitrust Chronicle, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2938397

Colangelo, G., Maggiolino, M. (2017). Big Data as Misleading Facilities. In: Europe an Competition Journal, Forthcoming Bocconi Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2978465. https://ssrn. com/abstract=2978465 és https://doi.org/10.1080/17441056.2017.1382262

Crémer, J., Montjoye, Y.A., Schweitzer, H. (2019). European Commission: Competition Policy for the digital era (final report), pp. 8

Egresi K., Pongrácz A., Szigeti P., Takács P. (2016). Államelmélet, SZE DF ÁJK Jogelméleti Tan szék, Győr, 247. oldal

Piketty, T. (2015). A tőke a 21. században. Kos suth Kiadó, Budapest

Tepper, J., Hearn, D. (2019). The Myth of Capitalism, Monopolies and the Death of Competition. Wiley, pp. 93

Tóth A. (2019). Mesterséges intelligencia szabá lyozásának paradoxonja és egyes jogi vonatkozásai nak alapvető kérdései. In: Infokommunikáció és Jog 3–9. oldal

Vestager, M. (2020). New competition tool will allow EC to go after tacit collusion – ICN 2020. In: PaRR Global. https://app.parr-global.com/intelligence/ view/intelcms-ftqd22?utm_source=Notifications& utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=Alert&utm_ term=5bacfdb9952447001d4ea316

Állami Számvevőszék (2020). Elemzés a digitá lis gazdaság megadóztatásának aktuális kérdéseiről, a modern gazdasághoz illeszkedő új uniós adószabá lyokról értékelő elemzés figyelemmel a terület ellen őrizhetőségére.

Autorité de la Concurrence (2018). L›Autorité rend son avis sur la publicité en ligne. https://www. autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/fr/communiques-de presse/lautorite-rend-son-avis-sur-la-publicite-en ligne

Autorité de la Concurrence, Bundeskartellamt (2016). Competition Law and Data p. 12

Bloomberg (2020). U.S. Still Wants Optional OECD Tax Plan—But Don’t Call It That (1). https://news.bloombergtax.com/daily-tax-report international/u-s-still-wants-optional-oecd-tax plan-but-dont-call-it-that

BroadBand Search (2020). Average Time Spent Daily on Social Media (Latest 2020 Data). https:// www.broadbandsearch.net/blog/average-daily-time on-social-media

Chaire Castex de Cyberstrategie (2020). Les flux de données en Europe, massivement captés par les États-Unis. http://www.cyberstrategie.org/?q=fr/ media-gallery/detail/666/750

Euractiv (2019). The EU’s digital tax is dead, long live the OECD’s plans. https://www.euractiv.com/ section/economy-jobs/news/the-eus-digital-tax-is dead-long-live-the-oecds-plans/

Euractiv (2019). Why the EU leads in digital regulation, but lags in digital innovation. https:// www.euractiv.com/section/data-protection/news/ why-the-eu-leads-in-digital-regulation-but-lags-in digital-innovation/

Európai Bizottság (2018). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, Europe an Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions on Artificial Intelligence for Europe. Brussels, 25.4.2018 COM(2018) 237 final. 4. https://ec.europa.eu/ transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2018/EN/COM-2018- 237-F1-EN-MAIN-PART-4.PDF

Európai Bizottság (2018). Communication from the Commission to European Parliament, European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions on Artificial Intelligence for Europe. Brussels, 25.4.2018 COM(2018) 237 final.1 https:// ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2018/EN/ COM-2018-237-F1-EN-MAIN-PART-1.PDF

Európai Bizottság (2018). Questions and Answers on a Fair and Efficient Tax System in the EU for the Digital Single Market. https:// ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ MEMO_18_2141

Európai Bizottság (2018). Communication from the Commission to European Parliament, Europe an Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Region: Tackling online disinformation: a Europe an Approach. COM/2018/236 final.

Európai Bizottság (2020). Az EU a közvetlen kül földi befektetések legfőbb globális célpontja. https:// ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/accessing-markets/ investment/

Európai Bizottság (2020). Investment. https:// ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/accessing-markets/ investment/

Európai Bizottság (2020). Package for fair and simple taxation. https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_ customs/general-information-taxation/eu-tax policy-strategy/package-fair-and-simple-taxation_en

Európai Bizottság (2020). Communication from the Commission to European Parliament, European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions: A European strategy for data. Brussels, 19.2.2020 COM(2020) 66 final, 3.

Európai Unió Tanácsa (2019). ECOFIN Report to the European Council on tax issues. Brüsszel, 2019. december 9. https://data.consilium.europa. eu/doc/document/ST-14863-2019-INIT/en/pdf

Forbes (2020). The World’s Most Valuable Brands (by Marty Swant). https://www.forbes.com/the worlds-most-valuable-brands/#4ebe601e119c

IMF Staff (2018). Measuring the Digital Economy, IMF Staff Report, February 28. 2018 Javaslat – A Tanács irányelve a digitális reklám szolgáltatások nyújtásából származó bevételek után fizetendő digitális reklámadó közös rendszeréről. Brüsszel, 2019. március 1., 6873/19, 22. preambu lum-bekezdés Javaslat – A Tanács Irányelve az egyes digitális szol gáltatások nyújtásából származó bevételek után fize tendő digitális szolgáltatási adó közös rendszeré ről {SWD(2018) 81} - {SWD(2018) 82} Brüsszel, 2018.3.21. COM(2018) 148 final 2018/0073 (CNS)

KPMG (2020). Taxation of the digitalized economy, Developments summary. Updated: August 18 Marketing Land (2019). Almost 70% of digital ad spending going to Google, Facebook, Ama zon, says analyst firm. https://marketingland.com/ almost-70-of-digital-ad-spending-going-to-google facebook-amazon-says-analyst-firm-262565

Magyar Reklámszövetség (2020). 2019 MRSZ Média- és Kommunikációs torták, MRSZ baromé terkutatás, 2020-as iparági prognózis. https://mrsz. hu/kutatas/media-es-kommunikacios-torta/2019- mrsz-media-es-kommunikacios-torta-es-2020- mrsz-barometer NAIH/2015/2201/17/H. sz. határozat

Növekedés.hu (2020). GVH-elnök: Önként és időben fizette be a gigabírságot a Facebook és a Booking.com. https://novekedes.hu/interju/gvh elnok-onkent-es-idoben-fizette-be-a-gigabirsagot-a facebook-es-a-booking-com

OECD (2014). „Broader tax challenges raised by the digital economy” Chapter 7. In Addressing the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy. OECD Pub lishing, Paris, p. 14

OECD (2016). Big Data: Bringing Competition Policy to the Digital Era DAF/COMP/M(2016)14, 88. pont https://one.oecd.org/document/DAF/ COMP(2016)14/en/pdf

OECD (2020). What is BEPS? https://www. oecd.org/tax/beps/about/

OECD/G20 (2020). Base Erosion and Pro fit Shifting Project: Statement by the OECD/ G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS on the Two Pillar Approach to Address the Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy, As approved by the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS on 29-30 January, https://www.oecd. org/tax/beps/statement-by-the-oecd-g20-inclusive framework-on-beps-january-2020.pdf

Politico (2019). Trump slammed her as a U.S. hating ’tax lady’. She just got a promotion. https:// www.politico.com/news/2019/11/27/margarethe vestager-eu-tax-promotion-074181

Reuters (2020). Facebook launches legal action against Irish watchdog over data transfers. https:// www.reuters.com/article/us-facebook-privacy/face book-launches-legal-action-against-irish-watchdog over-data-transfers-idUSKBN2621S6

Tax Foundation (2020). The U.S. Trade Representative Expands Its Digital Services Tax Investigations. https://taxfoundation.org/us-trade representative-ustr-digital-services-tax-investigations/

The Economist (2017). The world’s most valuable resource is no longer oil, but data. https://www. economist.com/leaders/2017/05/06/the-worlds most-valuable-resource-is-no-longer-oil-but-dat

Published

2020-12-28

How to Cite

Rigó, C. B., & Tóth, A. (2020). The Symbolic Significance of Digital Services Tax and its Practical Consequences. Public Finance Quarterly, 65(4). https://doi.org/10.35551/PFQ_2020_4_5

Issue

Section

Studies