The power of storytelling in dark literary tourism: A mixed-methods study of visitor engagement and marketing strategies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14267/TURBULL.2025v25n2.1Keywords:
dark literary tourism, dark tourism, tourist motivation, tourism marketingAbstract
This study examines the tourist motivations and marketing strategies of dark literary tourism based on five historical locations. Combining digital marketing analysis with qualitative interviews, the interest in these sites and the effectiveness of the used digital marketing strategies is examined. The findings reveal that personal narratives and storytelling often play an important role in tourist engagement, with visitors often driven by educational motivations, literary familiarity, and personal connections. Social media and digital marketing tools enhance site visibility and facilitate visitor interaction. This study highlights the importance of balancing historical authenticity with innovative engagement strategies to meet the expectations of tourists, offering insights into dark heritage tourism management.
References
ASSYLKHANOVA, A. (2022): Isaac, R. K. (ed): Dark Tourism Studies. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin. 71(4). pp. 423–426. https://doi. org/10.15201/hungeobull.71.4.8
ASSYLKHANOVA, A. – NAGY, GY. – MORAR, C. – TELEUBAY, Z. – BOROS, L. (2024): A critical review of dark tourism studies. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin. 73(4). pp. 413–435. https:// doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.73.4.5
BALEIRO, R. (2023b): Dark literary tourism. In: Baleiro, R. – Capecchi, G. – Arcos-Pumarola, J. (eds): E-Dictionary of Literary Tourism. University for Foreigners of Perugia. https:// doi.org/10.34623/zdg2-hn59
BALEIRO, R. (2023a): Motivations: Literary Tourism. In: Baleiro, R. – Capecchi, G. – Arcos Pumarola, J. (eds): E-Dictionary of Literary Tourism. University for Foreigners of Perugia. https://doi.org/10.34623/zdg2-hn59
BALEIRO, R. (2023c): Dark literary tourism and “Remembrance Education”. In: Baleiro, R. – Capecchi, G. – Arcos-Pumarola, J. (eds): E-Dictionary of Literary Tourism. University for Foreigners of Perugia. https://doi.org/10.34623/ zdg2-hn59
BUSBY, G. – DEVEREUX, H. (2015): Dark tourism in context: the Diary of Anne Frank. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation. 6(1). pp. 27–38. BUSBY, G. (2022): Dracula Tourism. In: Buhalis, D. (ed): Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 1005–1007.
BUSBY, G. – KLUG, J. (2001): Movie induced tourism: The challenge of measurement and other issues. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 7(4). pp. 316–332. doi:10.1177/135676670100700403
ÇEVIK, S. (2023): A dark literary tourist at the end of life: Tezer Özlü. Tourism and Heritage Journal. 4. pp. 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1344/ THJ.2022.4.5
FOLEY, M. – LENNON, J. (1996): JFK and Dark Tourism: Heart of Darkness. Journal of International Heritage Studies. 2(4). pp. 198–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527259608722175
HARTMANN, R. (2013): The Anne Frank House in Amsterdam: A museum and literary landscape goes virtual reality. Journalism and Mass Communication. 3(10). pp. 625–644.
HERBERT, D. (2001): Literary places, tourism and the heritage experience. Annals of Tourism Research. 28(2). pp. 312–333. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0160-7383(00)00048-7
HOPPEN, A. – BROWN, L. – FYALL, A. (2014): Literary tourism: Opportunities and challenges for the marketing and branding of destinations? Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 3(1). pp. 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jdmm.2013.12.009
IRIMIÁS A. (2017): Filmturizmus. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. https://doi. org/10.1556/9789630598767
IRIMIÁS, A. – VOLO, S. (2018): A netnography of war heritage sites’ online narratives: us er-generated content and destination market ing organizations communication at compar ison. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research. 12(1). pp. 159–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-07-2017-0079
JÁSZBERÉNYI M. (2020): A kulturális turizmus elméleti háttere. In: Jászberényi M. (szerk.): A kulturális turizmus sokszínűsége. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.
LIGHT, D. (2017): The undead and dark tourism: Dracula tourism in Romania. In: Hooper, G. – Lennon, J. J. (eds): Dark Tourism: Practice and Interpretation. Routledge. pp. 121–133.
McKENZIE, B. (2022): Do you believe? Online reviews and dark tourism: a sentiment analysis approach. In: Gursoy, D. – Kaurav, R. P. S. (eds): Handbook on Tourism and Social Media. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 287–300. doi: 10.4337/9781800371415.00031
MÉSZÁROS B. Á. (2025): A fogyasztói magatartás vizsgálata a sötét turizmusban – Egy szisztematikus irodalomkutatás eredményei. Modern Geográfia. 20(1). pp. 23–43. https://doi. org/10.15170/MG.2025.20.01.02
MÉSZÁROS, B. Á. – NÉMETH, P. – CSAPÓ, J. (2025): Examining the consumer attitudes of Generation Z in dark tourism based on involuntary eye movement. Vezetéstudomány. 56(1). pp. 26–40. https://doi.org/10.14267/ VEZTUD.2025.01.03.
MOSTAFA, S. – HAMMOUD, G. – REFAI, H. – HAMMAD, M. (2021): Using Rumours and Dark Stories to Promote Tourism: Applied to Egyptian dark tourism sites. Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality. 20(1). pp. 27–36. doi: 10.21608/ JAAUTH.2021.56728.1114
REIJNDERS, S. (2011): Stalking the Count. Dracula, Fandom & Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 38(1). pp. 231–248.
SAMA, H. (2022): Design and Development of Documentary Video in Batam as Dark Tourism Promotion Media. Journal of Informatics and Telecommunication Engineering. 6(1). DOI:10.31289/jite.v6i1.5395
ÜNÜVAR, O. – KAYA, M. – SEZGIN, M. (2022): Dark tourism experiences with canvas model in the context of tourism entrepreneurship. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management. 8. pp. 16–28. doi: 10.35666/25662880.2022.8.16
YUXIN, F. – JIANPENG, Q. – XIAOYU, L. – YUNXIA, T. – WEILONG, M. (2024): Exploring the influence of historical storytelling on cultural heritage tourists’ revisit intention: A case study of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. PLOS One. 19(9). e0307869. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0307869
Internet resources
ANNE FRANK HOUSE (2024): About us. https://www. annefrank.org/en/about-us/ (January 10, 2024)
DEUTSCHES SPIONAGE MUSEUM (2024): Museum. https://www.deutsches-spionagemu seum.de/en/museum (January 10, 2024)
LEGER HOLIDAYS (2024): All Quiet on the Western Front. https://www.legerbattlefields.co.uk/ww1- tours/all-quiet-western-front (January 10, 2024)
MK (2024): History. https://muzeumkrakowa.pl/ en/branches/history (January 10, 2024)
THE BATTLEFIELD EXPLORER (2024): Arnhem – A Bridge Too Far – Battlefield Tour. https:// thebattlefieldexplorer.com/tours/arnhem-tour/ (January 10, 2024