Az idősödő társadalom és a kockázati attitűd
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35551/PFQ_2020_4_1Kulcsszavak:
idősödő társadalom, kockázati attitűd, pénzügyi kultúra, D91, G11, D83, J26Absztrakt
A hazai szakirodalomban hiánypótló jelen tanulmány célja, hogy az időskori döntéshozatal és a kockázati preferenciák nemzetközi kutatási trendjeit egyrészt különféle módszertani megközelítések mentén rendszerezze - ideértve a kísérleti-, a kérdőíves- és a vagyonportfólión alapuló vizsgálati módokat; másrészt feltárja a kor és a pénzügyi kultúra közötti hatásokat. A külföldi szakirodalom tükrében az időskori kockázati attitűdvizsgálatok eltérő következtetésekre jutottak attól függően, hogy milyen kutatási módszert alkalmaztak. Játékszituációba ágyazott kísérleti környezetben inkább kockázatkeresők, kockázatos választáshoz vezető tanulás esetén azonban kockázatkerülők. A kérdőíves megkérdezések és a portfóliószelekciós módszerek tanulsága alapján a kockázatvállalási hajlandóság csökken idősebb kohorszokban. Az életkorral dinamikusan változó kockázati preferenciák a befektetési döntések újabb dimenziójára mutatnak rá. Az életkor emelkedésével felhalmozódó, kockázati toleranciát emelő befektetési tapasztalat és az életciklus vége felé romló kognitív képességek között feszülő összefüggések kutatása számos ellentmondásra világít rá a nemzetközi szakirodalomban.
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